Fish passage and ice processes in relation to turbulent flow in open-channels

我的研究集中在河流水力学学科中两个快速发展的领域：1)生态水力学和2)河冰。鱼类是世界上最重要的自然资源之一；2013年，鱼类约占全球动物蛋白摄入量的17%。全世界的鱼类资源正在以惊人的速度枯竭，虽然过度捕捞是海洋环境的主要原因，但在淡水环境中，水坝和涵洞造成的流量调节和生境破碎化是主要原因。新方法/设计的最佳解决方案需要基于可靠的科学证据，证明鱼类通道成功。在加拿大，洪水是代价最高的自然灾害，大多数发生在冰雪融化的春季径流期间。提高了解河流结冰过程的能力，最终目标是防止或减轻冰塞和相关高水位的影响，这既可以改善公共安全，又可以减少每年洪水事件造成的损失。诸如河冰是否会影响河床物质运输、改变河道形态、减少或加剧河岸侵蚀等问题，在很大程度上仍未得到解决。在此背景下，我的研究项目旨在：1)基于鱼类游动力学和湍流结构的鱼道结构优化设计；2)量化与冰相关的泥沙输运、平面形态变化和锚冰生长对水摄入量的影响。在接下来的五年里，我的研究的第一个轴将通过鱼类挡板涵洞（如堰，槽堰，扰流板）和鱼道（如池堰，槽堰）来量化鱼类通道的成功。结合最先进的测量技术（例如，立体粒子图像测速，被动集成应答器跟踪，高速视频，计算流体动力学），我的研究将确定沿轨迹的湍流流动结构，当它们通过挡板和鱼道时，它们的设计将取得突破。我的研究计划的第二个轴将调查河流冰和形态变化之间的联系。由于冰和非冰过程引起的泥沙输移将在全年量化，从而形成一个全面的泥沙收支。此外，还将对原型取水设计进行创新实验，以阻止锚冰的增长。我的研究结果将直接解决鱼类栖息地破碎化的问题，更好地预测冰引起的形态变化，改进取水设计，从而促进加拿大的环境管理和经济增长。

My research is focused on two rapidly developing fields within the discipline of fluvial hydraulics: 1) ecohydraulics and 2) river ice. Fishes are among the most important natural resource in the world; in 2013 fish accounted for about 17% of the global population's intake of animal protein. Fish stocks are depleting at an alarming rate worldwide and while overexploitation is the leading cause in ocean environments, in freshwater, flow regulation and habitat fragmentation due to dams and culverts are major contributors. Optimal solutions from new methods/designs that are grounded in sound scientific evidence demonstrating fish passage success are needed. Floods are the most costly natural disasters in Canada, and most of them occur during spring runoff when melting snow and ice are present. Improved ability to understand ice processes in rivers with the ultimate goal of preventing or mitigating the impacts of ice jams and associated high water levels would both improve public safety and reduce the annual cost of the flooding events. Issues such as whether river ice affects bed material transport, modifies channel morphology, and reduces or amplifies bank erosion, remain largely unaddressed. In this context, my research program aims to: 1) optimize the design of fish passage structures based on fish swimming mechanics and turbulent flow structure; and 2) quantify ice related sediment transport and plan-form morphological change and anchor ice growth on water intakes. In the next five years, the first axis of my research will quantify fish passage success through fish baffled culverts (e.g., weir, slotted weir, spoiler baffles) and fishways (e.g., pool-weir, slotted weir). Using combined state-of-the art measurement techniques (e.g., stereo particle image velocimetry, passive integrated transponder tracking, high-speed video, computational fluid dynamics), my research will identify turbulent flow structure along the trajectories used by fish as they make their assent through baffles and fishways leading to breakthroughs in their design. The second axis of my research program will investigate the links between river ice and morphological change. Sediment transport due to ice and non-ice processes will be quantified throughout the year leading to a comprehensive sediment budget. Innovative experiments on prototype water intake designs which deter anchor ice growth will also be undertaken. The results of my research will directly address the problem of fish habitat fragmentation, lead to better predictions of ice induced morphological change and improve designs of water intakes, thus promoting environmental stewardship and economic growth for Canada.