Subsea and terrestrial permafrost of the central and eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago

北半球约22%的裸露土地受永久冻土影响。气候变暖导致了北纬地区表面温度的升高，而且这种升温的速度(北极放大)比地球上其他地方都要快。因此，北半球的永久冻土在全球范围内一直在退化。永久冻土退化导致重大的景观和生态变化，并对北极社区、水循环、温室气体排放、地质资源和基础设施的稳定性产生不利影响。多年冻土对气候变暖的地貌响应主要取决于地面冰的稳定性，地面冰可以被视为北方生物地理系统的支柱。然而，缺乏关于加拿大北极群岛东部地面冰、永久冻土特性和永久冻土温度的知识，大大降低了陆地和海底永久冻土对气候变化反应的数值模拟的准确性。我的长期研究计划致力于解决加拿大北部生物地理系统对过去和正在发生的气候变化随时间变化的瞬时反应。在我的研究计划的下一阶段，我打算把我的工作重点放在加拿大北极高地的永久冻土上。总的来说，这项提案的研究项目将对加拿大东部北极极地沙漠和北极冻土带沿2000公里纬度梯度的近地表冰含量进行全球估计。这项研究将大大提高对加拿大海底永久冻土范围以及加拿大北极群岛中部和东部永久冻土性质的了解。这项研究的数据集将用于与加拿大地质调查局合作提高加拿大地面冰图的准确性，并在NSERC PermaFrostNet计划期间使用经典陆地系统模型模拟加拿大永久冻土对未来气候变化的响应。研究结果将有助于陆地系统耦合模型通过提供新的和可靠的多年冻土数据来改进环极地尺度的海底和陆地多年冻土的模拟。最终，我的这一阶段研究计划的结果将有助于更好地评估加拿大永久冻土生物地理系统的潜在轨迹及其在全球气候系统中的作用。该研究项目的结果和结论将帮助努纳武特东部社区、地区和联邦政府以及该行业制定战略，以适应气候和环境变化，这些变化将影响加拿大北部的永冻土景观、水和碳循环、自然资源的开采和基础设施。

Permafrost affects about 22% of the exposed land area of the northern hemisphere. Climate warming has led to an increase in surface temperatures at northern latitudes and this warming occurred at a faster rate (Arctic amplification) than elsewhere on the planet. Consequently, permafrost has been degrading at the global scale in the northern hemisphere. Permafrost degradation drives major landscape and ecological changes, and adversely impacts Arctic communities, the water cycle, Green House Gases emissions, geological resources, and the stability of infrastructure. The geomorphological response of permafrost to warming rests essentially on the stability of ground ice, which can be seen as the backbone of northern biogeosystems. However, the lack of knowledge on ground ice, permafrost properties, and permafrost temperatures for the eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago considerably reduces the accuracy of numerical simulations of terrestrial and subsea permafrost's response to climate change. My long-term research program addresses the transient response of Canadian northern biogeosystems to past and on-going climate changes through time. During the next phase of my research program, I intend to focus my work on the permafrost of the Canadian High Arctic. Collectively the research projects of this proposal will produce a global estimate of near-surface ground ice content for the eastern Canadian Arctic polar desert and Arctic tundra along a 2000-km latitudinal gradient. The research will significantly improve knowledge on subsea permafrost extent in Canada as well as permafrost properties of the central and eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Datasets from this research will be used to improve the accuracy of the Ground Ice Map of Canada in collaboration with the Geological survey of Canada, and to simulate the response of Canadian permafrost to future climate change using the CLASSIC land system model during the NSERC PermafrostNet program. The result of the research will be useful for coupled land system models to improve the simulations of subsea and terrestrial permafrost at the circumpolar scale by providing new and reliable permafrost data. Ultimately, the outcome of this phase of my research program will contribute to a better evaluation of the potential trajectory of Canadian permafrost biogeosystems and of their role in the global climate system. The results and conclusion from this research program will help eastern Nunavut communities, the territorial and federal governments, and the industry to develop strategies to adapt to climate and environmental changes that will affect the permafrost landscape, the water and carbon cycles, the extraction of natural resources and infrastructure of northern Canada.