Transforming Climate Action: Addressing the Missing Ocean

多项证据表明，碳密集的人类活动已经破坏了地球系统中决定气候的关键部分。迄今为止，海洋通过统称为“海洋碳泵”的过程吸收了40%的化石燃料排放，并吸收了90%由人类引起的全球变暖产生的热量。作为回应，海洋正在以不确定的速度变化，其缓冲人类影响的能力可能会失效，严重加剧气候变化，并可能危及净零目标。人类对气候变化的适应迫切需要更好地了解海洋过程，以应对这一危机。转型气候行动倡议将解决、确定并展示所需的转型解决方案。我们提出了三个相互关联的研究主题，重点关注北大西洋，北大西洋吸收了全球30%的海洋碳，因为我们与土著和非土著社区，政府和国际合作伙伴共同开展跨学科和社会相关的研究，为加拿大的气候行动提供信息。通过加强对北大西洋关键海洋过程的智能观测，我们将减少海洋-气候联系的关键不确定性，包括加强对海气碳通量、深对流和海底碳吸收的观测。最近的技术进步将支持比以前更高层次的海洋数据综合。这种综合将直接影响气候政策。通过减少不确定性（主题1），以及基于工程和自然的解决方案，降低海洋工业的碳足迹，促进清洁观测和监测技术，我们将制定新的方法，通过共同设计减缓行动，包括加速海洋的自然和人工碳吸收，来应对气候变化。3. 我们将发展新的认识和切实可行的方法，在海洋-气候-人的关系中促进适应工作的公正和公平。与土著和沿海社区的合作、新的决策、治理和政策方法将支持向碳中和经济过渡的更公平和持久的适应对策。变革性知识动员将发展有意义、有影响力和可用的交流，并研究将知识转化为行动所需的赋权教育方法。

Multiple lines of evidence show that carbon-intensive human activity has destabilized critical parts of the Earth system that determine our climate. To date, the ocean has absorbed 40% of fossil fuel emissions through processes collectively known as the "ocean carbon pump", and 90% of the heat from human-induced global warming. In response, the ocean is changing at an uncertain rate and its capacity to buffer human impact could potentially fail, critically exacerbating climate change and potentially compromising net-zero ambitions.Human adaptation to a changing climate urgently requires better understanding of ocean processes in response to this crisis. The Transforming Climate Action initiative will resolve, identify and demonstrate the transformative solutions required. We propose three interconnected research themes focused on the North Atlantic, which absorbs 30% of global ocean carbon, as we co-produce transdisciplinary and socially-relevant research with Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities, governments, and international partners to inform climate action for Canada:1. Through intensified and intelligent observation of key ocean processes in the North Atlantic, we will reduce critical uncertainties at the ocean-climate nexus, including enhanced observation of air-sea carbon fluxes, deep convection, and seafloor carbon absorption. Recent technological advances will support a higher-level synthesis of ocean data than previously possible. This synthesis will feed directly into climate policies.2. With rigor made possible by reduced uncertainty (Theme 1), as well as engineering- and nature-based solutions to lower the carbon footprint of ocean industries and boost clean technologies for observation and monitoring, we will develop novel approaches to address climate change through co-designed mitigation actions, including acceleration of natural and artificial carbon absorption in the ocean. 3. We will develop new understanding and practical methods to bolster justice and equity within adaptation at the Ocean-Climate-People nexus. Collaboration with Indigenous and costal communities, novel decision-making, governance and policy approaches will support more equitable and enduring adaptation responses for a transition to a carbon neutral economy. Transformative knowledge mobilization will develop meaningful, impactful, and usable communication and investigate approaches to education for the empowerment needed to translate knowledge into action.