Probing the relationship between doing and watching to promote motor performance and learning

工作/研究重要性的性质：在这个在线学习和视频应用的时代，COVID已经成为人们关注的焦点，关于个人如何有效地适应和学习运动技能（或认为他们通过观察他人来学习）的问题至关重要。通过实践干预，包括想象、观察或身体实践，我将测试这些隐藏的和可见的实践方法如何影响明确的策略以及更多的无意识过程。这些后一种过程给出了运动计划调整的指示，并且可以独立于那些更明确的过程发展（具有积极和消极的后果）。我感兴趣的是对能力的感知与实际能力的匹配程度，以及想象表演如何比仅仅观看更好地调整这些感知。观察别人犯错似乎与观察准确的表现不同，它激活了与学习和表现有关的过程。与错误和无错误观察相关的条件和影响指导了当前的研究，这项研究为预期在适应后来的运动中的作用提供了信息。基于“优化挑战”的框架有望用于测试最能促进学习的练习条件。我对在实践中优化挑战的具体过程以及个人如何选择适度挑战感兴趣。这项研究将增加关于人们如何在各种运动技能背景下获得，保留和转移知识的知识，为理论理解提供信息，同时也为高效和有效的实践方法提供指导。成果/收益：我的研究处于基础和应用的联系，与运动学习和控制机制的基础知识驱动的研究与实际，通常是运动/教练驱动的焦点。除了设计的实验室任务之外，我还努力使用更适用于实际操作的任务，这些任务可以提供更多的实践机制的控制和隔离。这项研究对运动训练有明确的启示，但运动技能的获得在许多环境中是至关重要的。我的工作影响了国际和加拿大的教练实践。我直接与加拿大教练协会合作。体育协会，以及省级、国家级和专业体育组织。我还与临床领域的研究人员合作（例如，悉尼大学的语音治疗）。通过NSERC的支持，我为各级学员提供了一个丰富的科学研究和发现环境，为学生提供学习经验，使他们具备在运动学相关领域取得成功的知识和技能。过去的HQP已经进入学术界，物理治疗，医学和运动教练/调节。这些专业从如何实践和如何提供有效演示的知识中受益匪浅。

Nature of work/research importance: In this age of online-learning & video apps, which has been acutely brought into focus with COVID, questions concerning how individuals effectively adapt and learn movement skills (or think they learn) from watching others are critically important. Through practice interventions, which involve imagery, observation or physical practice, I will test how these hidden and visible methods of practice impact explicit strategies as well as more unaware processes. These latter processes give an indication of adjustments to motor plans and can develop independently from those that are more explicit (with positive & negative consequences). I am interested in how well perceptions of ability match actual capabilities and how imagining acting might better tune these perceptions than just watching. Observing others make mistakes appears to activate processes involved in learning and performance differently to watching accurate performance. The conditions and effects associated with errorful and errorfree watching guide the current research, with this research informing as to the role of expectancies in adapting later movement. A framework based on "optimizing challenge" is promising for testing the practice conditions that best promote learning. I am interested in the specific processes which optimize challenge during practice and how individuals choose to moderate challenge. This research will add to knowledge concerning how people acquire, retain and transfer knowledge across various motor skill contexts, informing theoretical understanding but also providing guides for efficient and effective practice methods. Outcomes/Benefits: My research is situated at the nexus of basic and applied, with fundamental knowledge about motor learning and control mechanisms driving research with a practical, often sport/coaching-driven focus. I have made efforts to use tasks that have application to more real-to-world actions, in addition to more contrived laboratory tasks, which can afford more control and isolation of practice mechanisms. This research has clear implications for sports training, but acquisition of motor skills is critical to many environments. My work has impacted on coaching practice internationally and in Canada. I directly work with Coaching Ass. of Canada, Cdn. Sport Inst., as well as provincial, national and professional sport organizations. I also collaborate with researchers in clinical-fields (e.g., voice therapy, U. of Sydney). Through NSERC support I offer an enriched environment for scientific study and discovery for all levels of trainees, providing learning experiences for students which arm them with the knowledge and skills to succeed in kinesiology-related fields. Past HQP have gone onto academia, physical-therapy, medicine and sport coaching/conditioning. These professions significantly benefit from knowledge about how to practice and how to provide effective demonstrations.