Intelligent Predictive Maintenance 4.0 for Heavy-duty Electrical Bus

电动巴士（EBs）的维护是基于纠正和预防措施。纠正措施是为了应对道路上的故障，这导致了不便、乘客信心的丧失和更高的维修成本。后者是事先安排的，与公共汽车的状况无关。这导致过早采取行动，或在失败后采取行动。为了减轻纠正和预防措施的这两个缺点，我们提出了基于维护4.0的基于状态的维护。这是传统状态维护的智能机器辅助数字版本。它包括与数据源的连接技术，以及根据安装在每个EB上的传感器收集的最新信息收集、分析和建议行动的方法。我们建议在每辆公交车上安装一个联网系统，以便在必须采取行动时警告司机和决策者。每个EB上将安装一个自我修复系统，以使总线在故障前到达最近的服务中心。我们将在位于École Polytechnique、École de technology supsamrieure （ETS）和Solutions Serafin的三个实验室对这些系统进行分析和实验概念验证。该项目的影响包括创建一个智能测试平台和系统，允许物理模拟故障，并为道路上的EBs提供自主和自适应维护支持，技术的快速转移，利用工业合作伙伴Solutions Serafin的努力，成为美国第一个为EBs提供维护4.0功能的维护中心。魁北克省将是加拿大第一个采用维护4.0概念并将其成功应用于EBs维护的省份。Serafin将成为魁北克第一个提供维护4.0电子服务的维护中心。Solutions Serafin的客户将受益于为EBs更好的性能、可用性和可维护性而开发的工具。将培养8名高素质人才。受训人员有望获得加拿大劳动力市场所需的技术技能。有了这些技能，他们将实现维护4.0的验证和实现。

Maintenance of electrical buses (EBs) is based on corrective and preventive actions. Corrective actions are performed in response to a failure on the road, which leads to inconvenience, loss in passengers' confidence, and higher cost of repairs. The latter are scheduled in advance independently of the bus' condition. This leads to actions that are taken prematurely, or after failure. To mitigate for these two drawbacks of corrective and preventive actions, we propose condition-based maintenance that is based on Maintenance 4.0. This is an intelligent machine-assisted digital version of traditional condition-based maintenance. It includes connectivity technologies to sources of data, and methods to collect, analyze, and recommend actions based on the latest information gathered from sensors installed on each EB. We propose installing a connected system on each bus to warn the driver and the decision makers when actions must be taken. A self-healing system will be installed on each EB to allow the bus to reach the closest service center before failure. We will conduct analytical and experimental proof-of-concepts for these systems at three laboratories located at École Polytechnique, École de technologie supérieure (ETS), and Solutions Serafin. The impacts of this project include the creation of an intelligent testbed and system that allows the physical simulation of failure and offers autonomous and adaptive maintenance support to the EBs on the road, the quick transfer of technologies, leveraging the efforts of the industrial partner, Solutions Serafin, to be the first maintenance center that offers maintenance 4.0 capabilities for the EBs in America. Québec will be the first province in Canada to adopt maintenance 4.0 concepts and apply them successfully to the maintenance of EBs. Solutions Serafin will be the first maintenance center in Quebec that offers maintenance 4.0 as an e-service. Clients of Solutions Serafin will benefit from the tools developed for better performance, availability, and maintainability of EBs. Eight highly qualified personnel will be trained. The trainees are expected to gain technical skills required for the Canadian labor market. With these skills, they will realize Maintenance 4.0 verification and implementations.