Multiphase Flow and Phase Change Heat Transfer with Innovative Functional Surfaces

在能源需求和环境问题日益增加的世界里，提高能源系统的效率、安全性和可持续性至关重要。许多这样的系统涉及多相流和/或具有相变的表面流体的换热。具有特殊润湿性和热物性的表面可以显著改变热和流体的传输现象。这些表面可以设计成具有特殊的功能，如减阻、防结冰、油水分离和能量储存改善。本研究旨在开发创新的新表面和特征，展示其新的功能，并创建用于预测多相流或相变换热过程的工具。本研究将研究四种新型功能表面上的多相流和液固相变：1)用于与聚合物添加剂协同流动减阻的超疏水或超疏油表面，2)用于恶劣环境下油水分离的超疏水/超亲油膜，3)用于混合防冰的超疏水表面，以及4)用于制备用于储能的复合相变材料的超亲油多孔骨架。本研究将实验与数值模拟相结合。采用先进的界面跟踪方法，并考虑特殊的表面润湿性和热物性的影响，将发展新的流体流动和相变换热模型。测量数据将用于验证和改进预测工具，并优化新的表面能力。这项研究的结果将对具有特殊润湿和热性质的表面上的多相流和固液相变化有新的认识。这项研究将以低成本的生产方法在实际工程材料(如钢)上开发新的功能表面特征。所开发的技术在提高恶劣环境下的能源系统效率、基础设施可靠性和工程安全方面具有广阔的潜力。例如，协同减阻技术可用于陆地和海底管道的增流或降低抽水功率。这种混合式防冰表面可用于加拿大和其他国家寒冷地区的各种结构(如风力涡轮机、海上平台、海洋船舶)。这些技术和预测工具可以用于其他工程系统，如电子冷却、热能和核能发电、生物医学系统中的热力和流量控制等。该研究计划还为HQP在能源和环境系统研究和开发方面的培训提供了绝佳的机会。这些研究成果将对加拿大经济和可持续发展产生有益影响。

In a world with increasing energy demand and environmental concerns, it is critical to improve the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of energy systems. Many of these systems involve multiphase flow and/or heat transfer with phase change of a fluid on a surface. Surfaces with special wettability and thermal properties can significantly change the thermal and fluid transport phenomena. These surfaces can be engineered to have special capabilities such as drag reduction, icing prevention, oil-water separation, and energy storage improvement. This research aims to develop innovative new surfaces and features, demonstrate their novel functionalities, and create predictive tools for the multiphase flow or phase change heat transfer processes with these surfaces. This research will investigate multiphase flow and liquid-solid phase change on four types of new functional surfaces; 1) superhydrophobic or superoleophobic surfaces for synergetic flow drag reduction with polymer additives, 2) superhydrophobic-superoleophilic membranes for oil-water separation in harsh environments, 3) superhydrophobic surfaces with pulse heating for hybrid anti-icing, and 4) a superoleophilic porous framework to make composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage. Experimentation will be integrated with numerical modelling in this research. New models of fluid flow and phase change heat transfer will be developed with advanced interface tracking methods and considering the effects of the special surface wettability and thermal properties. The measured data will be used to validate and improve the predictive tools and optimize the new surface capabilities. The outcomes of this research will lead to new knowledge of multiphase flow and solid-liquid phase change on surfaces with special wetting and thermal properties. The research will develop novel functional surface features on practical engineering materials (e.g., steel) with low-cost production methods. The developed technologies have a promising potential to improve energy system efficiency, infrastructure reliability, and engineering safety in harsh environments. For example, the synergetic drag reduction technique can be used in land and subsea pipelines for flow enhancement or pumping power reduction. The hybrid anti-icing surface could be used for various types of structures (e.g., wind turbines, offshore platforms, marine vessels) in cold regions of Canada and other countries. The technologies and predictive tools can be used in other engineering systems such as cooling of electronics, thermal and nuclear power generation, thermal and flow control in biomedical systems, etc. The research program also provides excellent opportunities for HQP training in the research and development of energy and environmental systems. These research outcomes will have beneficial impacts on the Canadian economy and sustainable development.