Quantifying mechanisms of rapid adaptation to predict responses to climate change

种内变异可以通过多种机制产生，这种变异可以通过选择来促进对新环境的适应。气候变化是一个已经影响到物种和生态系统的全球性问题，迫切需要了解和预测物种将如何适应未来的变化。随着基因组技术的进步，景观基因组学在识别与许多分类群的气候适应相关的遗传变异方面变得越来越普遍。虽然这些数据可以为预测对未来气候情景的响应提供信息，但这些方法通常基于基因型和环境之间的相关信息。许多基因组研究没有直接检查表型，也无法解释气候适应中的可塑性和突变等机制。因此，目前缺乏对气候变化的进化反应的全貌，需要一个包含多种适应机制知识的生态进化模型。为了解决这些领域的空白，该研究项目将结合对大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）的实地和实验室研究。大西洋鲑鱼是一种在生态、文化和经济上具有重要意义的物种，由于气候是一个潜在因素，其种群数量在其范围内持续下降。通过这项研究计划，五名研究生和四名本科生将接受与鱼类采集和生理学，分子分析，生物信息学和统计分析相关的现场和实验室技术的培训。此外，学生还将接受关于准备出版稿件和其他科学传播途径的培训。总的来说，整合多种方法和开发模型来可靠地估计对气候变化的响应将为进化生物学家以及保护和管理提供关键工具，以帮助理解和预测未来的变化。

Intraspecific variation can arise through multiple mechanisms, and such variation can be acted on by selection to promote adaptation to new environments. Climate change is a global issue that is already impacting species and ecosystems, highlighting an immediate need to understand and predict how species will adapt to future changes. With advances in genomic technology, landscape genomics is becoming commonplace for identifying genetic variants associated with climate adaptation across many taxa. While these data can be informative for predicting responses to future climate scenarios, these methods are often based on correlational information between genotype and environment. Many genomic studies do not directly examine phenotype and fail to account for mechanisms such as plasticity and mutation in climate adaptation. Therefore, a full picture of the evolutionary responses to climate change is currently lacking, and an eco-evolutionary model that incorporates knowledge of multiple mechanisms involved in adaptation is needed. To address these gaps in the field, this research program will combine field and laboratory research on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) which represent an ecologically, culturally, and economically significant species that continues to experience population declines across its range with climate being a potential factor. Through this research program, five graduate and four undergraduate students will be trained in field and laboratory techniques related to fish collection and physiology, molecular analyses, and bioinformatics and statistical analyses. In addition, students will also receive training in the preparation of manuscripts for publication and other avenues of science communication. Overall, the integration of multiple approaches and the development of models to robustly estimate responses to climate change will provide key tools for evolutionary biologists as well as conservation and management to help understand and predict future changes.