Astrophysics of Supernova Remnants In the 2020's: Their Progenitors, Engines and High-Energy Phenomena

超新星（SNe）及其遗迹（SNRs）代表了宇宙中一些最具活力和最迷人的事件。它们是热（热）和非热（能量）宇宙的主要驱动力。它们与宇宙学、星系的化学浓缩和动力学、宇宙射线加速、极端（中子星星和黑洞）物理学、宇宙磁学和“多波长、多信使”天体物理学的爆炸性新时代有关。 整个电磁频谱的SNR研究显着提高了我们对这些物体和SN爆炸后果的理解，但许多基本问题仍有待回答。这些问题包括：不同类型的SNe是如何爆炸的？在哪里爆炸？它们产生的化学元素是什么？ 在SN冲击中宇宙射线被加速到的最大能量是多少？ 观测到的与SNR相关的中子星多样性是由先天还是后天造成的？SNRs能容纳黑洞吗？我们的目标是解决这些问题，通过研究银河系和麦哲伦云对象，使用多波长的方法（重点是X射线和无线电数据）。这一领域也将显着受益于，以及饲料，最近的理论努力，旨在研究核合成产量从Ia型和核心坍缩SNe，粒子加速在超音速冲击，和磁场演化的中子星。未来看起来很光明，计划在2020年期间和以后即将到来的设施：从平方公里阵列（SKA）及其无线电中的探路者，到Hitomi恢复使命和ATHENA的X射线，到伽玛射线中的切伦科夫望远镜阵列（CTA）。 这个计划自然建立在我近年来在美国建立的快速发展的信噪比小组的基础上。在马尼托巴。在引力波/中子星合并天体物理学和数据挖掘方面正在寻求新的方向，这被证明是成功的，可以招募（更多）学生进入科学领域，特别是高能/SN天体物理学。

Supernovae (SNe) and their remnants (SNRs) represent some of the most energetic and fascinating events in the Universe. They are primary drivers for both the thermal (hot) and non-thermal (energetic) Universe. They are relevant to cosmology, the chemical enrichment and dynamics of galaxies, cosmic ray acceleration, extreme (neutron star and black hole) physics, cosmic magnetism and the exploding new era of "multi-wavelength, multi-messenger" astrophysics.  SNR studies across the electromagnetic spectrum have significantly advanced our understanding of these objects and of the aftermath of a SN explosion, however many fundamental questions remain to be answered. These questions include: How and where do SNe of the different types explode? What is the make-up of the chemical elements they produce?  What are the maximum energies to which cosmic rays are accelerated in SN shocks?  Is the observed diversity of neutron stars associated with SNRs caused by nature or nurture? Can SNRs host black holes? We aim to address these questions by studying Galactic and Magellanic Clouds objects, using a multi-wavelength approach (with focus on X-ray and radio data). This field will also significantly benefit from, as well as feed, recent theoretical efforts aimed at studying nucleosynthesis yields from type Ia and core-collapse SNe, particle acceleration at supersonic shocks, and magnetic field evolution in neutron stars. The future looks bright with upcoming facilities planned during and beyond the 2020's : from the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and its pathfinders in the radio, to the Hitomi recovery mission and ATHENA in X-rays, to the Cherenkov Telescope Array in gamma-rays (CTA). The proposed program naturally builds on the fast-growing SNR group that I have established in recent years at the U. of Manitoba. New directions are being pursued in gravitational waves/neutron-star mergers astrophysics and data mining which are proving to be successful in recruiting (more) students into science in general, and high-energy/SN astrophysics in particular.