Electrified transportation: a collaborative, data-driven approach for a smart city

智慧城市是新兴城市移动转型范式的核心，异构网络基础设施、无处不在的传感器设备、大数据处理和智能控制框架都被用于通过提供适应性服务来帮助提高人口的生活质量。大数据分析和运营研究对于向公民提供这些智能服务非常重要。在本项目中，我们研究并提出了电动交通系统设计，包括电动出租车和共享汽车的发电站以及停车场和共享乘车充电站的网络设计。电力系统的有效利用是本研究的关键。首先，我们研究了基于电池交换时空需求的电动出租车和共享充电站的选址问题。本文将电动出租车和共享汽车换电站的选址规划和容量分配问题描述为一个大规模混合整数优化问题，其目标是在满足驾驶员需求的约束下，使运营成本最小化。有效的算法将被提出来解决这个优化问题。我们将研究这些解决方案，为制定道路使用政策、空间分配和新网络设计决策提供见解。其次，我们研究了不确定（随机）需求下共享停车位和充电站的最佳位置和容量。我们的目标是在满足出行者需求的同时，降低拼车公司的运营成本。停车位和充电站的共享机制也将被调查，以提高社会福利。这些系统的大量能源需求是本项目第三方面的重点。考虑到电池可供充电和/或更换，有必要确定何时对其充电。由于有大量电池需要充电，这可能会给电网带来压力。电池可以向电网提供电力的事实可以在用电高峰期用作缓解机制，魁北克和安大略经常出现这种情况。他们是高度分布，接近消费点，不强调发电系统，这可能是接近其极限运行，并不强加于消费者的使用限制。通过调查这三个模块，我们设计的最佳策略，可适用于其他城市的交通系统的开发。

Smart cities are at the core of the emerging urban mobility transformation paradigm, where heterogeneous network infrastructure, ubiquitous sensor devices, big-data processing, and intelligent control frameworks are all used to help improve the population's quality of life by providing adapted services. Big-data analytics and operations research are important in delivering these intelligent services to citizens. In this project, we study and propose an electrified transportation system design, including power stations for electric taxis and shared cars and network design for parking lots and charging stations for ride-sharing. The efficient use of the power system is the critical concern of this study.First, we study the location problem for electric taxis and ride-sharing charging stations based on the spatiotemporal demands for battery swapping. We formulate the location planning and capacity allocation of electric taxis and ride-sharing battery swapping stations as a large-scale mixed-integer optimization, whose goal is to minimize the operating costs, subject to the constraint of meeting the drivers' demand. Efficient heuristics will be proposed to solve this optimization problem. The solutions will be studied to provide insight for developing road usage policies, space allocation, and new network design decisions.Second, we investigate the optimal location and capacity for shared car parking spaces and charging stations under uncertain (stochastic) demands. Our goal is to reduce carpooling companies' operating costs while meeting travellers' needs. Sharing mechanisms of parking spaces and charging stations will also be investigated to improve social welfare.The large energy requirements of these systems are the focus of the third aspect of this project. Given the availability of batteries to charge and/or swap, it is necessary to determine when to charge them. With a large number of batteries to be charged, this can place stress on the power grid. The fact that batteries can provide power to the grid can be used as a mitigation mechanism during peak electricity consumption periods, as is often the case in Quebec and Ontario. They are highly distributed, close to consumption points, do not stress the generation system, which could be operating near its limit, and do not impose usage limits on consumers.By investigating these three modules, we design optimal strategies for the exploitation of transportation systems that can be applied to other cities.