小麦-华山新麦草小片段易位系的遗传效应分析

华山新麦草具有很多优良的性状可用于小麦的遗传改良。为了将华山新麦草的优异基因导入到普通小麦中，我们利用染色体工程方法创制了一个多穗粒数、高抗条锈病的小麦-华山新麦草小片段易位系，对它进行系统的农艺性状和抗病性遗传效应分析是进一步育种利用的基础。本项目旨在：（1）利用遗传分离群体的GISH、农艺性状和抗病性数据，弄清小麦-华山新麦草易位染色体在不同小麦背景中对主要农艺性状和条锈病抗性的遗传贡献，明确在育种改良中的利用价值；（2）利用BSR-Seq技术，获得华山新麦草易位片段的特异表达基因或因子信息；（3）进一步，基于BSR-Seq获得的外源特异基因信息，开发外源片段的特异PCR标记，并得到外源片段的染色体位置信息；（4）结合GISH观察，验证利用PCR标记转移外源片段的有效性。本研究结果将为华山新麦草优异基因在小麦改良中的利用及分子标记辅助选择奠定基础。

Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs) possesses rich potentially valuable traits, which could be useful for wheat genetic improvement. In order to introduce the elite genes from P. huashanica to wheat, we successfully produced a wheat – P. huashanica small segment translocation line with enhanced kernels per spike and stripe rust resistance. To utilize this line in future works is based on the genetic effect of translocated chromosome on agronomic traits and stripe rust resistance. Our aims in this program are: (1) to understand the genetic effect of wheat – P. huashanica translocated chromosome on agronomic traits and stripe rust resistance of common wheat, and learn more about its utilization value in wheat breeding improvement; (2) to obtain specifically expressed genes or factors of P. huashanica translocated segment using BSR-Seq analysis; (3) to further develop PCR markers that are specific to translocated segment, and identify the information about chromosome location of translocated segment; (4) to validate the efficiency of newly developed PCR markers in transferring translocated segment into other genetic background by combing GISH observation. These works will lay a foundation for the utilization of P. huashanica elite genes in wheat improvement and marker-assisted selection.