FaesAG基因参与调控甜荞雌雄蕊异型分化的分子机制

甜荞（Fagopyrum esculentum）是蓼科（Polygonaceae）药食兼用的非禾谷类作物，其株系中thrum型（短花柱长雄蕊）和pin型（长花柱短雄蕊）花按1：1分离，自花或同型花之间授粉不亲和，成为研究植物雌、雄蕊异型分化调控的理想材料。同时，其雌、雄蕊异型分化又限制了荞麦品系间精准杂交。项目组在研究甜荞花型调控中发现：FaesAG基因具有参与调控甜荞雌、雄蕊正常发育的重要功能。本项目拟从该基因入手，系统研究其参与甜荞thrum型和pin花雌、雄蕊异型分化调控过程。在此基础上，分析上游关键转录因子FaesAP2_1和FaesAP2_2对FaesAG基因转录调控的差异，及FaesAG基因协同其他雌、雄蕊特征决定转录因子调控甜荞雌、雄蕊异型分化的分子过程。解析FaesAG基因参与调控甜荞雌、雄蕊异型分化的分子机制。为甜荞的分子改良、杂交育种与荞麦属植物的花型演变研究积累资料。

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum, Polygonaceae), a pseudo-cereal with healing benefits, has a short vegetative period with dimorpic stamen and gynoecium. Buckwheat possesses a dimorpic flowers, with populations being equally composed of plants with pin flowers (long pistil and short stamens) and plants with thrum flowers (short pistil and long stamens). Moreover, they are strictly self-incompatible with obligate cross-pollination between pin and thrum flowers,which make it an excellent model for studying developmental dimorpic flower-fate specification. Our study revealed that FaesAG plays a central role in specifying stamen and carpel identity in buckwheat, and encodes a MADS-box transcription factors. In addition, the functions of the genes are highly correlated with their expression zones. In combination of various methods and techniques, the proposal aims to document the FaesAG gene differential expression between thrum and pin flower development, and uncover the molecular mechanisms of FaesAG invovling in dimorphic stamen and gynoecium specification. Moreover, the upstream genes regulating the tancription of the FaesAG and they working together to specify the stamen and gynocium development are discussed. The results should provide valuable information to understand the flower evolution of the Fagopyrum spp. Moreover, it should also provide suitable candidate genes for genetic improvement and cross breeding in buckwheat.