大蒜资源基因型评价及抽薹开花相关性状的关联分析

大蒜为典型的无性繁殖作物，很难人工杂交构建研究所需的各种作图群体，其庞大而复杂的基因组缺乏必要的生物学信息，严重阻碍了该作物的遗传学研究和有性育种实践。大蒜自然变异丰富，但其遗传背景尚不清楚，制约着其重要农艺性状相关基因挖掘和有效利用。因此，栽培大蒜和野生大蒜资源的亲缘关系分析和有性育种一直是大蒜研究中的渴望解决的难题。针对上述问题，项目将通过简化基因组技术(GBS)对栽培和野生大蒜共600份资源进行基因型鉴定，深入评价不同类型大蒜资源之间的亲缘关系，特别是抽薹开花相关性状的进化关系；通过对稀有可育野生大蒜及不育资源花期花序组织进行混池转录组测序，开发抽薹开花候选基因标记；利用关联分析方法寻找与抽薹开花相关联的位点，获得高效分子辅助筛选标记；获得控制抽薹开花相关的候选基因，并进行初步功能验证。项目实施，将为特异大蒜资源的筛选提供分子标记，为有性机理研究奠定基础。

Garlic (Allium sativum L.), an asexually propagated crop, is grown as an important vegetable and medicinal plant. However, the research and breeding is serious weak and very limited studies could be refered about the genetic background of garlic germplasm resources.The characteristics of vegetative propagation of garlic makes it very difficult to construct mapping populations for research on genetic mechanism, the development of elite genes and breeding. Why the cultivated varieties of garlic lost his sexual propagation ability and how to restore the difficult issue bewildering the scientists in the world. These two issues are urgent problems that breeder expected to solve. In this study, the diversity, population structure and genetic relationship of 600 accessions of garlic germplasm from the National Nursery of Vegetatively Propagated Vegetable Germplasm will be studied using Genotyping-by-Sequencing.The transcriptomes of characteristic including the wild garlic which possess the fertile ability, the different types of cultivated variety germplasm with different fertile ability will be sequenced analyzed by bulked segregant analysis to identificate the candidate genes. The profile of the gene relative bolting and flowering will be analyzed and the differentially expressed genes will be found out. Besides, the markers associated with flowering and bolting identified using association analysis will be compared with the different genes identified by transcriptome sequencing. The research would improve the utilazation effect of garlic germplasm and lay the foundation for the study of sexual mechanism of garlic.