基于人群声学特征的城市开放空间声景观研究

本研究是申请人上一个自然科学基金的延续。申请人在研究中发现人群是影响城市开放空间声景观的重要因素。因此需要进一步揭示人群的声学特征，以便科学地反映人群对声景观的影响作用。本项目拟通过典型城市开放空间中人群声学特征的研究，深入分析人群与声景观之间的内在联系，以此建立依托人群因素的声景观调控机制。研究首先从人群的社会行为及集聚特点出发，分析人群吸声和发声等声学特征；其次依托这些声学特征，建立城市开放空间人群对声环境影响的简化模型；再次分析人群声学特征在不同空间、环境、声源和使用者等城市开放空间条件下对声舒适度的影响范围和程度，从而提取人群对声景观的影响因子。最后通过分析人群声学特征对声源的掩蔽作用，揭示人群对声景观的调控机制。预期成果将有利于深入了解人群作用下城市开放空间声景观的变化规律，并为进一步绘制城市声景地图、保护城市关键区域的声景观提供了理论依据，因此具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。

This Study is the continuation of the candidate's last NSFC, in which it is found that the soundscape in urban open space can be significantly influenced by the crowd. Whereas, it is hard to get the scientific effect of crowd on soundscape due to the lake of knowledge about the acoustic characteristics of the crowd. Therefore, the aims of this study is to establish the relationships between the crowd and soundscape based on the investigations of typical urban open spaces. Firstly, the acoustic characteristics of crowd will be analyzed based on the social and behavioural characteristics of crowd as well as their size or locations; Secondly, several simplified acoustic models will be established to explain the influences of the crowd to sound environment. Thirdly, based on the spatial, acoustic, environmental, and users' characteristics of urban open space, the influence factors of soundscape on the crowd will be given; Finally, the masking effect of the crowd will be analyzed to get the control mechanism of soundscape. The results of this study will not only enhance the contribution of knowledge about the soundscape in urban open spaces, but also provide the theory to control the urban noise and draw urban soundscape maps. Therefore, this research has significant scientific and practical values.