牦牛体内胚胎、体外受精胚胎和核移植胚胎附植前细胞调亡的特征及其机理

附植前胚胎细胞异常凋亡是发育早期胚胎夭折的重要原因。在正常发育早期和人工构建的胚胎中都发现了不同程度的细胞凋亡现象。目前有关凋亡与植入前胚胎发育关系的研究尚在起步阶段，尤其是对哺乳动物体外受精及人工构建胚胎早期发育阶段的细胞凋亡及其分子机理的研究鲜有报道。本项目采用形态学、免疫组织化学和RT-PCR技术，检测正常发育早期、体外受精和核移植胚胎在附植前各个发育阶段的细胞凋亡现象、凋亡相关蛋白及基因的表达；并在体外培养体系中观察相关细胞因子对胚胎细胞凋亡及相关蛋白表达的影响。旨在阐明牦牛附植前胚胎细胞凋亡的变化规律、信号传导通路及其在不同来源胚胎之间的差异；从细胞凋亡的角度探讨早期胚胎夭折的机理和人工操作对早期胚胎发育潜能的影响，为进一步提高牦牛繁殖效率和辅助繁殖技术水平提供理论依据。

The abnormal apoptosis of preimplantational embryos would cause the failure of embryo development in earlier stage. Apoptosis was seen in normal developmental and artificial constructed preimplantational embryos,respective. At present, the research about relationship between the apoptosis and embryo development ability is at the starting stage. The materials about apoptosis and its molecule mechanism of in vitro fertilization and artificial constructed preimplantational embryos were seldom found. In this study, morphological, immunohistochemistic and RT-PCR techniques was used to inspect apoptosis, apoptosis related proteins and genes expression of various preimplantation stages of bovine embryos produced both in vivo and in vitro; In vitro embryo cultural system was also used to analyze the effect of some cytokines to apoptosis and apoptosis related proteins expression. This study would provide important information to our understanding of apoptosis mechanisms in preimplantation embryo development and could be valuable for fundamental studies in early embryogenesis and assisted reproduction techniques to more effectively protect the genetic resources of yak in our country.