Epigenetic memory at embryonic enhancers identified in DNA methylation maps from adult mouse tissues.

Epigenetic memory at embryonic enhancers identified in DNA methylation maps from adult mouse tissues.
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DOI:
10.1038/ng.2746
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发表时间:
2013-10
期刊:
影响因子:
30.8
通讯作者:
Ren, Bing
Ren, Bing
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hon, Gary C.;Rajagopal, Nisha;Shen, Yin;McCleary, David F.;Yue, Feng;Dang, My D.;Ren, Bing

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哺乳动物的发育需要胞嘧啶甲基化,这是一种可遗传的细胞记忆表观遗传标记,被认为可以维持细胞独特的基因表达模式。然而,目前尚不清楚动态 DNA 甲基化如何与细胞类型特异性基因表达和动物发育相关。在这里,通过在浅覆盖范围内绘制 17 个成年小鼠组织中的碱基分辨率甲基化组,我们识别了 302,864 个组织特异性差异甲基化区域 (tsDMR),并估计超过 6.7% 的小鼠基因组被不同甲基化。大多数 tsDMR 发生在远端顺式调控元件,支持 DNA 甲基化在基因调控中的重要作用。令人惊讶的是,一些 tsDMR 标记的增强子在成人组织中处于休眠状态,但在胚胎发育中却活跃。这些“残留”增强子甲基化程度低,在成体组织中缺乏活性组蛋白修饰,但在胚胎发育过程中却表现出活性。我们的结果为 DNA 甲基化在组织特异性增强子中的作用提供了新的见解,并表明胚胎发育的表观遗传记忆可能保留在成人组织中。
Mammalian development requires cytosine methylation, a heritable epigenetic mark of cellular memory believed to maintain a cell’s unique gene expression pattern. However, it remains unclear how dynamic DNA methylation relates to cell-type specific gene expression and animal development. Here, by mapping base resolution methylomes in 17 adult mouse tissues at shallow coverage, we identify 302,864 tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (tsDMRs) and estimate that >6.7% of the mouse genome is variably methylated. Supporting a prominent role for DNA methylation in gene regulation, most tsDMRs occur at distal cis-regulatory elements. Surprisingly, some tsDMRs mark enhancers dormant in adult tissues but active in embryonic development. These “vestigial” enhancers are hypomethylated and lack active histone modifications in adult tissue, but nevertheless exhibit activity during embryonic development. Our results provide new insights into the role of DNA methylation at tissue-specific enhancers and suggest that epigenetic memory of embryonic development may be retained in adult tissues.
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