Evolution in changing seas
Evolution in changing seas
复制标题
海洋变化中的进化
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2021.2443
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Trussell, Geoffrey C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lotterhos, Katie E.;Albecker, Molly;Trussell, Geoffrey C.
快速的环境变化继续对世界海洋产生令人担忧的后果，包括物种分布和物候的变化，物种相互作用的性质和强度，以及生态系统及其服务的改变。过度捕捞、气候变化、入侵、栖息地退化、疾病及其综合效应对生物多样性的威胁正在加剧[4，5]，这表明当地和全球的保护很快就会随之而来[6]。尽管越来越多的研究记录了环境变化对海洋物种、群落和生态系统的影响，但该领域尚未对海洋物种和生态系统在这些威胁下最终将如何应对、持续或恢复做出强有力的预测[7，8]。因为这样的预测需要对生物体如何适应当前环境以及这种适应如何影响后代的反应能力有基本的了解任何成功的预测框架都必须整合进化生物学的原则。正如1973年狄奥多西·杜布赞斯基（Theodosius Dobzhansky）的著名论断：“除了进化论，生物学中的一切都没有意义。”虽然对物理、化学和生物过程之间的相互作用的研究使人们对海洋和其他系统的生态学有了相当深入的了解，但进化思想在历史上一直没有很好地融入海洋科学。在海洋系统中，海洋作用力是推动进化过程的一个关键因素。在海洋环境中，物种都会发生扩散（基因流）、随机死亡（漂移）和非随机死亡（选择），这导致海洋中物理过程和进化过程之间的强烈耦合[9，10]。与此同时，幼虫环境（和起源）和成虫环境之间可能存在很强的脱钩，特别是对于具有浮游幼虫的固着生物[11]。海洋物种的特点还往往是有效种群规模大、繁殖力高以及配子或幼虫有可能远距离扩散。尽管这种高扩散能力，许多海洋物种在远低于扩散距离的空间尺度上表现出局部适应（微地理适应）[8，12，13]。虽然对进化过程的理解是预测对气候变化的反应的关键，但考虑海洋系统的这些方面也可以对进化过程提供新的见解。这个专题突出了进化过程和海洋科学的交叉研究，旨在促进这两个领域的知识。适应性和表型可塑性都可以促进种群在不断变化的环境中的持久性[11，14]。一个普遍的概念是，人口经历增加的气候变化（如波动）将演变增加可塑性，从而使他们不容易受到环境变化。这种被称为“气候变异性假说”的想法源于宏观生态学的预测，即来自热变环境的物种应该倾向于具有更广泛的热生态位[15]。这一想法也形成了基于气候新奇的人口脆弱性指数的基础[16，17]，这些指数基于人口所经历的历史气候波动的幅度。
Rapid environmental change continues to have alarming consequences for the world’s oceans, including shifts in the distribution and phenology of species, the nature and strength of species interactions, and the alteration of ecosystems and provision of their services [1–3]. Threats to biodiversity from overharvesting, climate change, invasion, habitat degradation, disease and their combined effect are amplifying [4, 5], suggesting that local and global extinctions will soon follow [6]. Despite the growing body of research documenting the effects of environmental change on marine species, communities and ecosystems, the field has yet to develop robust predictions of how marine species and ecosystems will ultimately respond, persist or recover under these threats [7, 8]. Because such predictions require a basic understanding of how organisms have adapted to their current environments—and how such adaptation may shape the capacity of future generations to respond—any successful predictive framework must integrate the principles of evolutionary biology. As famously noted in 1973 by Theodosius Dobzhansky,‘Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.’While the study of the interaction between physical, chemical and biological processes has yielded considerable insight into the ecology of marine and other systems, evolutionary thinking has not been historically well integrated within the ocean sciences. In marine systems, oceanographic forcing is a key factor driving evolutionary processes. Dispersal (gen flow), random mortality (drift) and non-random mortality (selection) all occur for species within oceanographic settings, which results in strong coupling between physical and evolutionary processes in the sea [9, 10]. At the same time, there is potentially strong decoupling between the larval environment (and origin) and adult environment, especially for sessile organisms with pelagic larvae [11]. Marine species are also often characterized by large effective population sizes, high fecundity and potential for long-distance dispersal of gametes or larvae. Despite this high dispersal capacity, many marine species exhibit local adaptation on spatial scales well below the dispersal distance (microgeographic adaptation)[8, 12, 13]. While an understanding of evolutionary processes is key to predicting responses to climate change, considering these aspects of marine systems can also give new insights into evolutionary processes. This Special Feature highlights research at the intersection of evolutionary processes and marine science that aims to advance knowledge in both fields. Both adaptation and phenotypic plasticity can facilitate population persistence in a changing environment [11, 14]. A widespread notion is that populations experiencing increased climate variability (eg fluctuations) will evolve increased plasticity, thereby making them less vulnerable to environmental change. This idea, known as the ‘climate variability hypothesis’, arose from a prediction in macroecology that species from thermally variable environments should tend to have broader thermal niches [15]. This idea also forms the basis of indexes of population vulnerability based on climate novelty [16, 17], which are based on the amplitude of historical climate fluctuations experienced by a population.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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