Cultural variation in running techniques among non-industrial societies.
Cultural variation in running techniques among non-industrial societies.
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非工业社会中跑步技术的文化差异。
DOI：
10.1017/ehs.2022.12
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Gurven,Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wallace,IanJ;Kraft,ThomasS;Venkataraman,VivekV;Davis,HelenE;Holowka,NicholasB;Harris,AlexandraR;Lieberman,DanielE;Gurven,Michael
在非工业社会的研究表明，跑步时采用的身体运动学在不同的群体之间根据跑步的文化重要性而有所不同。在跑步是一种普遍的文化认同的重要组成部分的群体中，跑步者倾向于采用运动科学家和教练认为是避免受伤和最大化表现的好技术。相比之下，在跑步在文化上不是特别重要的群体中，人们倾向于采用次优技术。本文首先描述了良好的跑步技术的关键要素，包括以前脚或中脚的击球方式着陆，以及腿大致垂直方向。接下来，我们回顾了来自非工业社会的证据，即关于跑步的文化态度与跑步技术的变化有关。然后，我们展示了玻利维亚提斯曼采摘园艺家的新数据。我们的研究结果表明，跑步既不是提斯曼人的常见活动，也不是文化认同的重要组成部分。我们还证明，当提斯曼人跑步时，他们倾向于使用次优技术，特别是以后脚击球的方式着陆，腿延伸到膝盖前面（称为过跨步）。最后，我们讨论了文化可能影响非工业社会中跑步技术变化的过程，包括自我优化和社会学习。
Research among non-industrial societies suggests that body kinematics adopted during running vary between groups according to the cultural importance of running. Among groups in which running is common and an important part of cultural identity, runners tend to adopt what exercise scientists and coaches consider to be good technique for avoiding injury and maximising performance. In contrast, among groups in which running is not particularly culturally important, people tend to adopt suboptimal technique. This paper begins by describing key elements of good running technique, including landing with a forefoot or midfoot strike pattern and leg oriented roughly vertically. Next, we review evidence from non-industrial societies that cultural attitudes about running associate with variation in running techniques. Then, we present new data from Tsimane forager–horticulturalists in Bolivia. Our findings suggest that running is neither a common activity among the Tsimane nor is it considered an important part of cultural identity. We also demonstrate that when Tsimane do run, they tend to use suboptimal technique, specifically landing with a rearfoot strike pattern and leg protracted ahead of the knee (called overstriding). Finally, we discuss processes by which culture might influence variation in running techniques among non-industrial societies, including self-optimisation and social learning.
犯罪举报的评估修养理论与公共卫生模式
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Reber;Yu
通讯作者：
Yu
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Sorcha MacLeod;D. Lewis
通讯作者：
D. Lewis
栽培理论
DOI：
10.4135/9781412952606.n111
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Gerbner;L. Gross;M. Morgan;Nancy Signorelli
通讯作者：
Nancy Signorelli