Epigenetic variation associated with responses to different habitats in the context of genetic divergence in Phragmites australis.
Epigenetic variation associated with responses to different habitats in the context of genetic divergence in Phragmites australis.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.7954
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发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Liu B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qiu T;Liu Z;Yang Y;Liu B
与适应环境胁迫相关的遗传表型差异的机制可能涉及遗传和表观遗传变异。一些先前的研究已经揭示了比遗传变异更高水平的表观遗传变异。然而，很少有种群水平的研究探讨了表观遗传变异对分布在不同栖息地的高水平遗传多样性物种的影响。使用AFLP和甲基化敏感的AFLP标记，我们测试了这样一个假设，即当遗传变异本身不能完全解释适应时，表观遗传变异可能有助于占据不同栖息地的植物的差异。芦苇（Phragmites australis）是一种世界性入侵植物，具有丰富的遗传多样性和显著的适应性，被认为是响应全球变化和指示环境波动的模式植物。我们发现，高水平的遗传和表观遗传多样性和显着的遗传/表观遗传结构内的12个研究种群从4个自然栖息地的P. australis。基于DNA甲基化的表观遗传分化与栖息地种群中的适应性遗传分化之间存在显著相关性，这表明可能存在适应性表观遗传变异。同时，各种AMOVA表明，一些表观遗传差异可能会响应不同的地方生境。在控制了遗传和表观遗传变异之间的相关性后，使用部分Mantel检验来梳理遗传/表观遗传变异与栖息地之间的相关性。我们发现，表观遗传多样性的影响主要是土壤养分的有效性，这表明至少有一些表观遗传分化发生独立的遗传变异。我们还发现表观遗传变异和表型性状之间的相关性比遗传变异和这些性状之间的相关性更强。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，遗传为基础的分化与异质性的栖息地，而表观遗传变异在生态分化中起着重要的作用，在自然种群的芦苇。此外，我们的研究结果表明，在评估植物物种的全球变化响应时，种内变异需要考虑。松嫩草原4种生境类型的芦苇（Phragmites australis）在水分、pH和离子等土壤特征上存在显著差异，其形态特征在4种生境类型间存在显著差异。研究结果表明，遗传分化与异质生境相关，而表观遗传变异在芦苇天然种群的生态分化中起着重要作用。
The mechanisms underlying heritable phenotypic divergence associated with adaptation in response to environmental stresses may involve both genetic and epigenetic variations. Several prior studies have revealed even higher levels of epigenetic variation than genetic variation. However, few population‐level studies have explored the effects of epigenetic variation on species with high levels of genetic diversity distributed across different habitats. Using AFLP and methylation‐sensitive AFLP markers, we tested the hypothesis that epigenetic variation may contribute to differences in plants occupying different habitats when genetic variation alone cannot fully explain adaptation. As a cosmopolitan invasive species, Phragmites australis (common reed) together with high genetic diversity and remarkable adaptability has been suggested as a model for responses to global change and indicators of environmental fluctuations. We found high levels of genetic and epigenetic diversity and significant genetic/epigenetic structure within each of 12 studied populations sampled from four natural habitats of P. australis. Possible adaptive epigenetic variation was suggested by significant correlations between DNA methylation‐based epigenetic differentiation and adaptive genetic divergence in populations across the habitats. Meanwhile, various AMOVAs indicated that some epigenetic differences may respond to various local habitats. A partial Mantel test was used to tease out the correlations between genetic/epigenetic variation and habitat after controlling for the correlation between genetic and epigenetic variations. We found that epigenetic diversity was affected mostly by soil nutrient availability, suggesting that at least some epigenetic differentiation occurred independently of genetic variation. We also found stronger correlations between epigenetic variation and phenotypic traits than between genetic variation and such traits. Overall, our findings indicate that genetically based differentiation correlates with heterogeneous habitats, while epigenetic variation plays an important role in ecological differentiation in natural populations of P. australis. In addition, our results suggest that when assessing global change responses of plant species, intraspecific variation needs to be considered. Various morphological traits of native Phragmites australis differ significantly among four habitat types with markedly different edaphic characteristics, including moisture, pH, and ions in the Songnen Prairie in Northeast China. Our findings indicate that genetically based differentiation correlates with heterogeneous habitats, while epigenetic variation plays an important role in ecological differentiation in natural populations of P. australis.
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