Post-drilling changes in seabed landscape and megabenthos in a deep-sea hydrothermal system, the Iheya North field, Okinawa Trough.
Post-drilling changes in seabed landscape and megabenthos in a deep-sea hydrothermal system, the Iheya North field, Okinawa Trough.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0123095
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Takai K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakajima R;Yamamoto H;Kawagucci S;Takaya Y;Nozaki T;Chen C;Fujikura K;Miwa T;Takai K
人们对海底开采（例如深海热液区矿物开采）的兴趣日益浓厚，但人为干扰对海底的环境影响却知之甚少。在这项研究中，利用远程操作车辆视频观测，在冲绳海槽的深海热液场（Iheya North 油田）中，对科学钻探作业（IODP 331 号探险队）造成的这种人为干扰对海底景观和巨型动物栖息地的影响进行了超过 3 年的调查。我们重点关注特定钻探地点（C0014 地点）的观测，在 IODP Exp 的钻探地点中，观察到景观和巨型动物栖息地变化最为动态。 331. 在 C0014 地点的沉积海底没有观察到可见的热液排放，在钻探活动之前，这里已经有 10 多年的Calyptogena 蛤群落。钻探开始后，原来的Calyptogena菌落被钻探沉积物完全掩埋。钻探几个月后，扩散的高温热液开始从距钻孔20 m以上区域的沉积海底排出，“人为”创造了新的热液喷口栖息地。随着热液的扩散，在海底形成了广泛的微生物丛，而喷口特有的巨蜥蟹 Shinkaia crosnieri 主导了新的喷口群落。以前柔软的沉积海底可能由于重晶石/石膏矿化或硅化而硬化，在钻探作业后变得粗糙且起伏，有许多裂缝。尽管钻探作业对海底景观和巨型动物组成的影响可能仅限于距钻孔最多30 m的区域，但新建立的热液喷口生态系统已经持续了2年，并且很可能会继续存在，直到流体停止排放，因此该地区的生态系统已被长期改变。
There has been an increasing interest in seafloor exploitation such as mineral mining in deep-sea hydrothermal fields, but the environmental impact of anthropogenic disturbance to the seafloor is poorly known. In this study, the effect of such anthropogenic disturbance by scientific drilling operations (IODP Expedition 331) on seabed landscape and megafaunal habitation was surveyed for over 3 years using remotely operated vehicle video observation in a deep-sea hydrothermal field, the Iheya North field, in the Okinawa Trough. We focused on observations from a particular drilling site (Site C0014) where the most dynamic change of landscape and megafaunal habitation was observed among the drilling sites of IODP Exp. 331. No visible hydrothermal fluid discharge had been observed at the sedimentary seafloor at Site C0014, where Calyptogena clam colonies were known for more than 10 years, before the drilling event. After drilling commenced, the original Calyptogena colonies were completely buried by the drilling deposits. Several months after the drilling, diffusing high-temperature hydrothermal fluid began to discharge from the sedimentary subseafloor in the area of over 20 m from the drill holes, ‘artificially’ creating a new hydrothermal vent habitat. Widespread microbial mats developed on the seafloor with the diffusing hydrothermal fluids and the galatheid crab Shinkaia crosnieri endemic to vents dominated the new vent community. The previously soft, sedimentary seafloor was hardened probably due to barite/gypsum mineralization or silicification, becoming rough and undulated with many fissures after the drilling operation. Although the effects of the drilling operation on seabed landscape and megafaunal composition are probably confined to an area of maximally 30 m from the drill holes, the newly established hydrothermal vent ecosystem has already lasted 2 years and is like to continue to exist until the fluid discharge ceases and thus the ecosystem in the area has been altered for long-term.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Gates AR;Jones DO
通讯作者：
Jones DO
DOI：
10.1046/j.1439-0485.1999.2034076.x
发表时间：
1999-12-01
期刊：
MARINE ECOLOGY-PUBBLICAZIONI DELLA STAZIONE ZOOLOGICA DI NAPOLI I
影响因子：
--
作者：
Copley, JTP;Tyler, PA;Sulanowska, M
通讯作者：
Sulanowska, M
DOI：
10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.002
发表时间：
2009-01-31
影响因子：
2
作者：
Dumas, P.;Bertaud, A.;Pelletier, D.
通讯作者：
Pelletier, D.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Nakagawa, S;Takai, K;Sako, Y
通讯作者：
Sako, Y
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
KENNEY, TC;VANVEEN, WA;SUNGAILA, MA
通讯作者：
SUNGAILA, MA