Recovery of benthic megafauna from anthropogenic disturbance at a hydrocarbon drilling well (380 m depth in the Norwegian Sea).
Recovery of benthic megafauna from anthropogenic disturbance at a hydrocarbon drilling well (380 m depth in the Norwegian Sea).
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0044114
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jones DO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gates AR;Jones DO
人们对从深水扰动中恢复的情况知之甚少，但随着人类活动对深水的影响增加，必须对这一过程进行量化。勘探油气钻探会造成物理干扰，使油井附近的海床窒息。通过遥控潜水器获得的视频断面被用来评估2006年在挪威海380米深处钻井造成的无脊椎巨型动物密度和多样性的变化。在钻探开始前一天、27天、76天和三年后进行了横断面。2009年还在远离油井的地方进行了一次背景调查。多孔动物（45%的观察）和刺胞动物（40%）占主导地位的巨型动物。硬底质生物中孔动物占94%，软底质生物中刺胞动物占78%。在钻井开始后的27天和76天，可以看到钻屑，从油井延伸超过100米。在这一地区，无脊椎巨型动物的密度（0.08和0.10个m-2）低于钻探前的情况（0.21个m-2）。三年后，可见的岩屑范围已经缩小，距离油井60米。在这一区域内，巨型动物密度（0.05个/平方米）低于钻探前和参考样带（0.23个/平方米）。尽管没有显着的相互作用，但随着距钻探的距离和自钻探以来的时间，大型动物无脊椎动物的总密度显着增加。除了可见的干扰，还有类似的巨型动物密度（0.14个个体m-2），以预钻井和背景调查。物种丰富度、Shannon-Weiner多样性和多变量技术与密度的变化趋势相似。在这个网站上的巨型动物无脊椎动物的密度和多样性的勘探钻井的影响似乎局限于可见的岩屑堆的程度。然而，钡浓度升高和沉积物粒度减小表明，扰动持续了三年，对底栖动物的其他组成部分的后果尚不清楚。
Recovery from disturbance in deep water is poorly understood, but as anthropogenic impacts increase in deeper water it is important to quantify the process. Exploratory hydrocarbon drilling causes physical disturbance, smothering the seabed near the well. Video transects obtained by remotely operated vehicles were used to assess the change in invertebrate megafaunal density and diversity caused by drilling a well at 380 m depth in the Norwegian Sea in 2006. Transects were carried out one day before drilling commenced and 27 days, 76 days, and three years later. A background survey, further from the well, was also carried out in 2009. Porifera (45% of observations) and Cnidaria (40%) dominated the megafauna. Porifera accounted for 94% of hard-substratum organisms and cnidarians (Pennatulacea) dominated on the soft sediment (78%). Twenty seven and 76 days after drilling commenced, drill cuttings were visible, extending over 100 m from the well. In this area there were low invertebrate megafaunal densities (0.08 and 0.10 individuals m−2) in comparison to pre-drill conditions (0.21 individuals m−2). Three years later the visible extent of the cuttings had reduced, reaching 60 m from the well. Within this area the megafaunal density (0.05 individuals m−2) was lower than pre-drill and reference transects (0.23 individuals m−2). There was a significant increase in total megafaunal invertebrate densities with both distance from drilling and time since drilling although no significant interaction. Beyond the visible disturbance there were similar megafaunal densities (0.14 individuals m−2) to pre-drilling and background surveys. Species richness, Shannon-Weiner diversity and multivariate techniques showed similar patterns to density. At this site the effects of exploratory drilling on megafaunal invertebrate density and diversity seem confined to the extent of the visible cuttings pile. However, elevated Barium concentration and reduced sediment grain size suggest persistence of disturbance for three years, with unclear consequences for other components of the benthic fauna.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0025315400051626
发表时间：
1991-05-01
影响因子：
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作者：
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