Collective Neoliberalism and Market Fundamentalism: Why Concerned People Acquiesce to the Oil and Gas Industry.
Collective Neoliberalism and Market Fundamentalism: Why Concerned People Acquiesce to the Oil and Gas Industry.
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DOI：
10.1111/socf.12800
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发表时间：
2022-06
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Roeser, Kassandra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Malin, Stephanie A.;Mayer, Adam;Roeser, Kassandra
在美国，非常规油气（UOG）生产引起了公众的强烈反响。由于生产发生在住宅和商业空间中，环境、社会、经济、监管和心理健康方面的影响已被记录在案。一些社区团体动员起来反对这种活动，而另一些则没有。我们研究了UOG生产如何以及为什么在存在中断和风险的情况下变得正常化。通过多年的实地工作，我们观察到有组织的动员有限。即使是活动人士也对要求变革或完全停止UOG生产表示犹豫。然而，需要更好地理解这些动态的驱动因素。我们认为，这些被动的“接受场所”是通过新自由主义的两部分影响出现的。首先，一系列主张放松管制和自由市场的思想和政策措施在一种我们称之为集体新自由主义的独特话语中表现出来。第二，新自由主义作为一种治理体系，创造了一种断裂的、权力下放的监管环境，这种环境为监管捕获提供了成熟的条件，而且缺乏足够的资源。反过来，这可能会阻碍当地限制或管制UOG生产的努力，因为监管机构似乎反应迟钝，资源匮乏，或者默认比公众更支持行业。我们使用在科罗拉多州密集、广泛的UOG生产中收集的人种学数据来说明这些模式。
In the US, unconventional oil and gas (UOG) production has elicited strong public response. As production occurs amid residential and commercial spaces, environmental, social, economic, regulatory, and mental health impacts have been documented across locations. Some community groups have mobilized against this activity, while others have not. We examine how and why UOG production becomes normalized despite its disruptions and risks. Through years of fieldwork, we have observed limited organized mobilization. Even activists express hesitation to demand transformative changes or complete stoppage of UOG production. Yet the drivers of these dynamics need to be better understood. We argue that these passive ‘sites of acceptance’ emerge through a two-part influence of neoliberalism. First, a mosaic of ideas and policy measures privileging de-regulation and free markets manifests itself in a unique discourse we call collective neoliberalism. Second, neoliberalism as a system of governance creates a fractured, devolved regulatory environment ripe for regulatory capture and lacking sufficient resources. This, in turn, can discourage local efforts to limit or regulate UOG production as regulators seem unresponsive, poorly resourced, or tacitly more supportive of industry than the public. We use ethnographic data collected amid dense, widespread UOG production in Colorado to illustrate these patterns.
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