Orexin/hypocretin and dysregulated eating: Promotion of foraging behavior.
Orexin/hypocretin and dysregulated eating: Promotion of foraging behavior.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.018
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发表时间：
2020-03-15
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Barson JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barson JR
食欲素/下丘脑分泌素（OX）在被发现时，被假设为能促进食物摄入。随后，随着发现OX参与许多其他现象，包括觉醒和药物寻求，这种神经肽被认为与高度动机性的行为有关。本综述提出这样一种假设：OX的主要进化功能是促进觅食行为，即在食物有限的情况下寻找食物。因此，它首先将描述已发表的关于OX和内稳态食物摄入的文献，这些文献表明OX神经元会在食物缺乏的条件下被激活，进而刺激食物摄入。接下来，它将介绍关于过度和暴食样食物摄入的文献，这些文献证明OX既刺激食物摄入，也刺激为获取美味食物而工作的意愿。重要的是，研究表明，OX拮抗剂在远低于抑制内稳态摄入所需的剂量（3毫克/千克对比30毫克/千克）下就能抑制暴食样进食，这表明基于OX的药物疗法在合适剂量下能够特异性地控制失调的进食。最后，本综述将讨论OX在觅食行为中的作用，引用文献表明在预期食物奖励时被激活的OX神经元能够促进许多与成功觅食有关的现象，包括食物预期运动行为、嗅觉敏感性、视觉注意力、空间记忆和咀嚼。因此，由于OX具有刺激和协调觅食行为所涉及活动的能力，它可能促进内稳态进食以及对美味食物的暴食。
At its discovery, orexin/hypocretin (OX) was hypothesized to promote food intake. Subsequently, with the identification of the participation of OX in numerous other phenomena, including arousal and drug seeking, this neuropeptide was proposed to be involved in highly motivated behaviors. The present review develops the hypothesis that the primary evolutionary function of OX is to promote foraging behavior, seeking for food under conditions of limited availability. Thus, it will first describe published literature on OX and homeostatic food intake, which shows that OX neurons are activated by conditions of food deprivation and in turn stimulate food intake. Next, it will present literature on excessive and binge-like food intake, which demonstrates that OX stimulates both intake and willingness to work for palatable food. Importantly, studies show that binge-like eating can be inhibited by OX antagonist s at doses far lower than those required to suppress homeostatic intake (3 mg/kg vs. 30 mg/kg), suggesting that an OX-based pharmacotherapy, at the right dose, could specifically control dysregulated eating. Finally, the review will discuss the role of OX in foraging behavior, citing literature which shows that OX neurons, which are activated during the anticipation of food reward, can promote a number of phenomena involved in successful foraging, including food-anticipatory locomotor behavior, olfactory sensitivity, visual attention, spatial memory, and mastication. Thus, OX may promote homeostatic eating, as well as binge eating of palatable food, due to its ability to stimulate and coordinate the activities involved in foraging behavior.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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发表时间：
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