Deficits in category learning in older adults: Rule-based versus clustering accounts.
Deficits in category learning in older adults: Rule-based versus clustering accounts.
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DOI：
10.1037/pag0000183
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发表时间：
2017-08
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Maylor EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Badham SP;Sanborn AN;Maylor EA
长期以来，记忆研究一直是认知老化研究人员的关键研究领域之一，但直到最近十年左右，分类才被用于理解认知的年龄差异。分类任务更侧重于记忆中项目的分组和组织，并且通常通过尝试和错误来学习关系的过程。分类研究使研究人员能够更准确地描述认知的年龄差异：老年人是否表现出用简单规则表示类别的方式下降，或者表现出与过去例子相似的类别下降。在目前的研究中，年轻人和老年人参与了一组经典的类别学习问题，这使我们能够区分三个假设：（a）规则复杂性：类别只用规则表示，而老年人在需要更复杂的规则时有不同的困难，（B）规则特定性：类别可以用规则或相似性来表示，在使用规则方面存在年龄缺陷，以及（c）聚类：主要使用相似性，老年人通过将更多的项目集中到更少的集群中来构建不太详细的表示。在不同条件下的顺序水平的性能反对规则的复杂性，老年人表现出更大的赤字不太复杂的类别。这些数据还提供了反对规则特异性的证据，因为单维规则无法解释年龄下降。相反，数据的计算模型表明，老年人在记忆中使用的概念集群项目比年轻人少。
Memory research has long been one of the key areas of investigation for cognitive aging researchers but only in the last decade or so has categorization been used to understand age differences in cognition. Categorization tasks focus more heavily on the grouping and organization of items in memory, and often on the process of learning relationships through trial and error. Categorization studies allow researchers to more accurately characterize age differences in cognition: whether older adults show declines in the way in which they represent categories with simple rules or declines in representing categories by similarity to past examples. In the current study, young and older adults participated in a set of classic category learning problems, which allowed us to distinguish between three hypotheses: (a) rule-complexity: categories were represented exclusively with rules and older adults had differential difficulty when more complex rules were required, (b) rule-specific: categories could be represented either by rules or by similarity, and there were age deficits in using rules, and (c) clustering: similarity was mainly used and older adults constructed a less-detailed representation by lumping more items into fewer clusters. The ordinal levels of performance across different conditions argued against rule-complexity, as older adults showed greater deficits on less complex categories. The data also provided evidence against rule-specificity, as single-dimensional rules could not explain age declines. Instead, computational modeling of the data indicated that older adults utilized fewer conceptual clusters of items in memory than did young adults.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Gershman, Samuel J.;Blei, David M.;Niv, Yael
通讯作者：
Niv, Yael
DOI：
10.1037/a0022639
发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Lewandowsky, Stephan
通讯作者：
Lewandowsky, Stephan
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Filoteo, JV;Maddox, WT
通讯作者：
Maddox, WT
DOI：
10.1093/geronj/41.2.214
发表时间：
1986-03-01
期刊：
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
HESS, TM;SLAUGHTER, SJ
通讯作者：
SLAUGHTER, SJ
影响因子：
4
作者：
HESS, TM
通讯作者：
HESS, TM