One is the deadliest number: the detrimental effects of social isolation on cerebrovascular diseases and cognition.
One is the deadliest number: the detrimental effects of social isolation on cerebrovascular diseases and cognition.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00401-014-1377-9
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发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
McCullough L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedler B;Crapser J;McCullough L
几十年来，人们已经认识到长期社会隔离（SI）的有害影响。与世隔绝是心理社会压力的主要来源，与血管和神经系统疾病的发病率增加有关。此外，隔离加剧了中风或心肌梗塞等急性损伤后的发病率和死亡率。相比之下，亲和的社会互动可以改善有机体的功能和健康。这些效应背后的分子机制尚不清楚。最近，大型流行病学试验和临床前研究的结果揭示了隔离有害影响的几种潜在介质。至少涉及三个主要的生物系统：神经内分泌（HPA）轴，免疫系统和自主神经系统。本文综述了研究隔离和死亡率之间的关系和SI的病理生理机制。心血管、脑血管和神经系统疾病，包括动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗死、缺血性中风和阿尔茨海默病，在SI的背景下得到特别强调。强调性别差异，并将研究分为临床和基础科学。
The deleterious effects of chronic social isolation (SI) have been recognized for several decades. Isolation is a major source of psychosocial stress and is associated with an increased prevalence of vascular and neurological diseases. In addition, isolation exacerbates morbidity and mortality following acute injuries such as stroke or myocardial infarction. In contrast, affiliative social interactions can improve organismal function and health. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. Recently, results from large epidemiological trials and pre-clinical studies have revealed several potential mediators of the detrimental effects of isolation. At least three major biological systems have been implicated; the neuroendocrine (HPA) axis, the immune system, and the autonomic nervous system. This review summarizes studies examining the relationship between isolation and mortality and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SI. Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurological diseases including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and Alzheimer’s disease are given special emphasis in the context of SI. Sex differences are highlighted and studies are separated into clinical and basic science for clarity.
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