Occurrence, temporal variation, and estrogenic burden of five parabens in sewage sludge collected across the United States.

Occurrence, temporal variation, and estrogenic burden of five parabens in sewage sludge collected across the United States.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.162
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发表时间:
2017-09-01
期刊:
The Science of the total environment
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Halden RU
Halden RU
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen J;Pycke BFG;Brownawell BJ;Kinney CA;Furlong ET;Kolpin DW;Halden RU

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在美国9个州的14个污水处理厂(WWTPs)收集的污水污泥中测量了五种用作药品和个人护理产品(PPCPs)防腐剂的对羟基苯甲酸酯。检测浓度范围(ng/g,干重)和频率分别为:对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(15.9 ~ 203.0;100%)、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(0.5 ~ 7.7;100%)、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(<0.6 ~ 2.6;63%)、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯(<0.4 ~ 4.3;42%)和对羟基苯甲酸苄酯(<0.4 ~ 3.3;26%)。污水污泥中检测到的对羟基苯甲酸酯的总和(范围从10.1到500.1 pg/kg 17β-雌二醇当量)所固有的雌激素性与文献中报道的污水污泥中出现的天然雌激素的106倍计算值相比微不足道。对一个污水处理厂的时间监测提供了对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度的时间和季节变化的见解。这是第一份关于美国污水污泥中五种对羟基苯甲酸酯含量的报告,也是国际上第一份关于污水污泥中对羟基苯甲酸酯含量的时间变化的报告。研究结果将有助于对用于土地利用的污泥(生物固体)进行风险评估。
Five parabens used as preservatives in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were measured in sewage sludges collected at 14 U.S. wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in nine states. Detected concentration ranges (ng/g, dry weight) and frequencies were as follows: methyl paraben (15.9 to 203.0; 100%), propyl paraben (0.5 to 7.7; 100%), ethyl paraben (<0.6 to 2.6; 63%), butyl paraben (<0.4 to 4.3; 42%) and benzyl paraben (<0.4 to 3.3; 26%). The estrogenicity inherent to the sum of parabens detected in sewage sludge (ranging from 10.1 to 500.1 pg/kg 17β- estradiol equivalents) was insignificant when compared to the 106-times higher value calculated for natural estrogens reported in the literature to occur in sewage sludge. Temporal monitoring at one WWTP provided insights into temporal and seasonal variations in paraben concentrations. This is the first report on the occurrence of five parabens in sewage sludges from across the U.S., and internationally, the first on temporal variations of paraben levels in sewage sludge. Study results will help to inform the risk assessment of sewage sludge destined for land application (biosolids).
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