Dynamic queuosine changes in tRNA couple nutrient levels to codon choice in Trypanosoma brucei.

Dynamic queuosine changes in tRNA couple nutrient levels to codon choice in Trypanosoma brucei.
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布氏锥虫tRNA营养水平与密码子选择的动态队列变化。

DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkab1204
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发表时间:
2021-12-16
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Alfonzo JD
Alfonzo JD
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dixit S;Kessler AC;Henderson J;Pan X;Zhao R;D'Almeida GS;Kulkarni S;Rubio MAT;Hegedűsová E;Ross RL;Limbach PA;Green BD;Paris Z;Alfonzo JD

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细胞中的每一种核酸都经历了程序化的转录后修饰。通常,修饰酶使用来自细胞内代谢的底物,一个例外是队列(Q)/队列苷(Q),真核生物从它们的环境中获得它,由细菌制造,最终通过目前未知的运输系统进入真核细胞。在这里,我们使用分子、细胞生物学和生物物理方法相结合的方法来表明,在布氏锥虫中,tRNA Q水平随着生长介质中一组氨基酸的浓度变化而动态变化。最显著的是酪氨酸的变化,在低水平时,这导致tRNA-鸟氨酸转糖基酶(TGT)的所有天然tRNAs底物的Q含量增加。这种增加是由于细胞质剪接后较长的核停留时间和逆行运输所致。反过来,高水平的酪氨酸会导致Q含量的迅速下降。重要的是,tRNAs中Q含量的动态变化对全球翻译或增长率的影响可以忽略不计,但至少在tRNatyr的情况下,它影响了密码子的选择。这些观察结果表明,其他可调修饰的发生对“正常”生长很重要,同时将修饰酶、代谢物和tRNA的细胞内定位与密码子选择和隐含的翻译输出联系起来。
Every type of nucleic acid in cells undergoes programmed chemical post-transcriptional modification. Generally, modification enzymes use substrates derived from intracellular metabolism, one exception is queuine (q)/queuosine (Q), which eukaryotes obtain from their environment; made by bacteria and ultimately taken into eukaryotic cells via currently unknown transport systems. Here, we use a combination of molecular, cell biology and biophysical approaches to show that in Trypanosoma brucei tRNA Q levels change dynamically in response to concentration variations of a sub-set of amino acids in the growth media. Most significant were variations in tyrosine, which at low levels lead to increased Q content for all the natural tRNAs substrates of tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (TGT). Such increase results from longer nuclear dwell time aided by retrograde transport following cytoplasmic splicing. In turn high tyrosine levels lead to rapid decrease in Q content. Importantly, the dynamic changes in Q content of tRNAs have negligible effects on global translation or growth rate but, at least, in the case of tRNATyr it affected codon choice. These observations have implications for the occurrence of other tunable modifications important for ‘normal’ growth, while connecting the intracellular localization of modification enzymes, metabolites and tRNAs to codon selection and implicitly translational output.
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