Upregulated function of mitochondria-associated ER membranes in Alzheimer disease.

Upregulated function of mitochondria-associated ER membranes in Alzheimer disease.
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DOI:
10.1038/emboj.2012.202
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发表时间:
2012-11-05
期刊:
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Schon, Eric A.
Schon, Eric A.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Area-Gomez, Estela;Castillo, Maria Del Carmen Lara;Tambini, Marc D.;Guardia-Laguarta, Cristina;de Groof, Ad J. C.;Madra, Moneek;Ikenouchi, Junichi;Umeda, Masato;Bird, Thomas D.;Sturley, Stephen L.;Schon, Eric A.

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阿尔茨海默病(AD)与γ-分泌酶对淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)的异常加工有关,其机制尚不清楚。我们最近发现,早老素-1和-2,γ-分泌酶的催化组分,和γ-分泌酶活性本身,高度富集在内质网(ER)的一个亚区室中,该亚区室与线粒体物理和生化连接,称为内质网相关的ER膜(MAMs)。我们现在表明,MAM功能和ER-线粒体通讯-胆固醇酯和磷脂合成,分别测量-显着增加早老素突变细胞和成纤维细胞的患者与家族性和散发性AD。我们还表明,MAM是一个细胞内洗涤剂抗性脂筏(LR)样结构域,与已知的存在早老素和γ-分泌酶活性的筏。这些发现不仅有助于解释异常的APP处理,而且还有助于解释AD的许多其他生化特征,包括脂质代谢和钙稳态的改变。我们认为,在ER-线粒体界面的MAM功能上调,以及这两个细胞器之间的串扰增加,可能在AD的发病机制中发挥迄今未被认识的作用。
Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with aberrant processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by γ-secretase, via an unknown mechanism. We recently showed that presenilin-1 and -2, the catalytic components of γ-secretase, and γ-secretase activity itself, are highly enriched in a subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is physically and biochemically connected to mitochondria, called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). We now show that MAM function and ER–mitochondrial communication—as measured by cholesteryl ester and phospholipid synthesis, respectively—are increased significantly in presenilin-mutant cells and in fibroblasts from patients with both the familial and sporadic forms of AD. We also show that MAM is an intracellular detergent-resistant lipid raft (LR)-like domain, consistent with the known presence of presenilins and γ-secretase activity in rafts. These findings may help explain not only the aberrant APP processing but also a number of other biochemical features of AD, including altered lipid metabolism and calcium homeostasis. We propose that upregulated MAM function at the ER–mitochondrial interface, and increased cross-talk between these two organelles, may play a hitherto unrecognized role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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