Relativity theory and time perception: single or multiple clocks?
Relativity theory and time perception: single or multiple clocks?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0006268
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发表时间：
2009-07-22
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Meck WH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buhusi CV;Meck WH
当前的时间间隔理论假定，人类和其他动物计时就好像使用一个单一的、绝对的秒表，可以根据指令停止或重置。在此，我们评估另一种观点，即心理时间由多个时钟来表征，并且这些时钟创造了不同的时间情境，通过这些情境，时长是以相对的方式被判断的。对多时钟假说的两个预测进行了测试。首先，多个时钟可以被独立地操纵（停止和/或重置）。其次，一个给定物理时长的事件在不同的时间情境中会被感知为具有不同的时长，也就是说，每个时钟对其判断会不同。
大鼠被训练对三个时长（例如，10秒、30秒和90秒）进行计时。当计时因信号中出现意外的间隔而中断时，大鼠重置用于对“短”时长计时的时钟，停止“中”时长的时钟，并继续运行“长”时长的时钟。当间隔的时长被操纵时，大鼠按照一种层级顺序重置这些时钟，首先是“短”时钟，然后是“中”时钟，最后是“长”时钟。通过定量建模来解释这些结果，该模型假定根据间隔相对于多个同时计时的事件时长的相对时长按比例重新分配认知资源。
这些结果表明，三个事件时长是由独立运行的不同时钟有效地计时的，并且相同的间隔时长是相对于这三个时间情境来判断的。结果表明，大脑处理一个事件的时长的方式类似于爱因斯坦的狭义相对论：一个给定的时间间隔由独立的时钟根据情境的不同而有不同的记录。
Current theories of interval timing assume that humans and other animals time as if using a single, absolute stopwatch that can be stopped or reset on command. Here we evaluate the alternative view that psychological time is represented by multiple clocks, and that these clocks create separate temporal contexts by which duration is judged in a relative manner. Two predictions of the multiple-clock hypothesis were tested. First, that the multiple clocks can be manipulated (stopped and/or reset) independently. Second, that an event of a given physical duration would be perceived as having different durations in different temporal contexts, i.e., would be judged differently by each clock. Rats were trained to time three durations (e.g., 10, 30, and 90 s). When timing was interrupted by an unexpected gap in the signal, rats reset the clock used to time the “short” duration, stopped the “medium” duration clock, and continued to run the “long” duration clock. When the duration of the gap was manipulated, the rats reset these clocks in a hierarchical order, first the “short”, then the “medium”, and finally the “long” clock. Quantitative modeling assuming re-allocation of cognitive resources in proportion to the relative duration of the gap to the multiple, simultaneously timed event durations was used to account for the results. These results indicate that the three event durations were effectively timed by separate clocks operated independently, and that the same gap duration was judged relative to these three temporal contexts. Results suggest that the brain processes the duration of an event in a manner similar to Einstein's special relativity theory: A given time interval is registered differently by independent clocks dependent upon the context.
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影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Kiebel SJ;Daunizeau J;Friston KJ
通讯作者：
Friston KJ
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.94.13.7036
发表时间：
1997-06-24
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Charpier, S;Deniau, JM
通讯作者：
Deniau, JM
DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.20.2.135
发表时间：
1994-04-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIOR PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
CHURCH, RM;MECK, WH;GIBBON, J
通讯作者：
GIBBON, J
DOI：
10.1037//0097-7403.28.4.416
发表时间：
2002-10-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIOR PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kaiser, DH;Zentall, TR;Neiman, E
通讯作者：
Neiman, E
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Matell, MS;King, GR;Meck, WH
通讯作者：
Meck, WH