Pericentromere-Specific Cohesin Complex Prevents Meiotic Pericentric DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Lethal Crossovers.

Pericentromere-Specific Cohesin Complex Prevents Meiotic Pericentric DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Lethal Crossovers.
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着丝粒周围特异性粘连蛋白复合物可防止减数分裂的着丝粒周围 DNA 双链断裂和致命交叉。

DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.035
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Smith,GeraldR
Smith,GeraldR
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nambiar,Mridula;Smith,GeraldR

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在大多数真核生物中,减数分裂交换对于染色体的无错误分离是必不可少的,但在着丝粒附近被特异性抑制以防止错误分离。这种抑制的分子机制已经被认识了85年,但仍然未知。减数分裂染色体含有两种不同的粘着蛋白复合体:臂间复合体(用于分离)和染色体臂复合体(用于交换)。我们发现,pericentric-specific复杂也积极抑制pericentric减数分裂双链断裂(DSB)的形成,因此,交叉。我们揭示了裂殖酵母异染色质蛋白Swi 6(哺乳动物HP 1同源物)阻止减数分裂DSB形成激活剂的募集的机制。将缺失的激活子定位于野生型近着丝粒绕过了阻遏并产生了丰富的交换,但降低了配子的活力。这里阐明的分子机制可能延伸到包括人类在内的其他物种,其中臂间交叉可能导致唐氏综合症等疾病。这些机制的见解提供了新的线索,以了解多个cohesin复合物所发挥的作用,特别是在人类不育症和出生缺陷。
In most eukaryotes, meiotic crossovers are essential for error-free chromosome segregation but are specifically repressed near centromeres to prevent missegregation. Recognized for >85 years, the molecular mechanism of this repression has remained unknown. Meiotic chromosomes contain two distinct cohesin complexes: pericentric complex (for segregation) and chromosomal arm complex (for crossing over). We show that the pericentric-specific complex also actively represses pericentric meiotic double-strand break (DSB) formation and, consequently, crossovers. We uncover the mechanism by which fission yeast heterochromatin protein Swi6 (mammalian HP1-homolog) prevents recruitment of activators of meiotic DSB formation. Localizing missing activators to wild-type pericentromeres bypasses repression and generates abundant crossovers but reduces gamete viability. The molecular mechanism elucidated here likely extends to other species, including humans, where pericentric crossovers can result in disorders, such as Down syndrome. These mechanistic insights provide new clues to understand the roles played by multiple cohesin complexes, especially in human infertility and birth defects.
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