Human gender development.
Human gender development.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.018
复制
发表时间：
2020-11
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Hines M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hines M
人类与性别有关的行为/心理是由一个发展系统塑造的，该系统涉及随着时间的推移相互作用的许多影响。目前还不完全了解该系统的所有要素以及它们如何相互作用。然而，现有证据表明，早期接触睾酮、产后社会化（例如，父母和同龄人对性别问题的认识以及与对性别问题的认知理解有关的自我社会化是重要因素。这篇文章的重点是产前和新生儿早期睾酮对性别相关的心理/行为结果的影响，并将这些激素的影响，在社会化的影响的理解。有一致的证据表明，早期睾丸激素暴露会影响儿童期的性别角色行为，包括性别典型的玩具游戏，以及性别认同和性取向。关于激素对空间能力和自闭症相关特征的影响的证据是不一致的。来自产前暴露于高睾酮水平的女孩的证据表明，她们在外部社会化过程中经历了改变，以及自我社会化，这些，沿着早期睾酮暴露，形成与性别相关的结果。
Human gender-related behavior/psychology is shaped by a developmental system that involves numerous influences interacting over time. Understanding of the full range of elements in the system and how they interact is currently incomplete. The available evidence suggests, however, that early exposure to testosterone, postnatal socialization, e.g., by parents and peers, and self-socialization related to cognitive understanding of gender are important elements. This article focuses on prenatal and early neonatal influences of testosterone on gender-related psychological/behavioral outcomes, and contextualizes these hormonal influences within an understanding of socialization influences. There is consistent evidence that early testosterone exposure influences childhood gender role behavior, including sex-typical toy play, as well as gender identity and sexual orientation. Evidence for similar hormonal influences on spatial ability and on traits related to autism, or autistic spectrum disorder, is inconsistent. Evidence from girls exposed to elevated testosterone prenatally suggests that they experience alterations in processes of external socialization, as well as self-socialization, and that these, along with early testosterone exposure, shape gender-related outcomes.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Collaer ML;Hindmarsh PC;Pasterski V;Fane BA;Hines M
通讯作者：
Hines M
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
DITTMANN, RW;KAPPES, MH;WALLIS, H
通讯作者：
WALLIS, H
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Arnold AP
通讯作者：
Arnold AP
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Costa, PT;Terracciano, A;McCrae, RR
通讯作者：
McCrae, RR
影响因子：
4
作者：
Auyeung, Bonnie;Baron-Cohen, Simon;Hackett, Gerald
通讯作者：
Hackett, Gerald