Neurogenic and non-neurogenic functions of endogenous neural stem cells.
Neurogenic and non-neurogenic functions of endogenous neural stem cells.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2014.00092
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Martino G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Butti E;Cusimano M;Bacigaluppi M;Martino G
成人神经发生是一个终生的过程，发生在大脑的两个主要神经发生龛，即侧脑室的脑室下区（SVZ）和海马齿状回（DG）的颗粒下区（SGZ）。在20世纪60年代，由于缺乏已建立的表型标记物，对成体神经发生的研究受到阻碍。因此，神经干/祖细胞（NPC）的精确追踪并不完全可行。在（部分）识别这些标记物后，由于缺乏特定工具，阻碍了对这些细胞进行适当的实验消除和追踪，以证明它们的最终命运和承诺。如今，辐射，细胞毒性药物以及遗传示踪/消融程序已经向前推进了该领域，并增加了我们对生理和病理条件下神经发生过程的理解。SVZ新形成的NPC后代可以取代啮齿动物嗅球中的颗粒细胞，从而有助于协调复杂的气味行为。相反，SGZ衍生的新颗粒细胞整合在DG中，在那里它们在记忆功能中发挥重要作用。此外，越来越多的证据表明，内源性NPC不仅发挥神经源性功能，而且还可能通过释放不同类型的神经保护分子而具有非神经源性稳态功能。值得注意的是，这些非神经源性的稳态功能似乎是必要的，无论是在健康和疾病的条件下，例如，预防或限制组织损伤。本文就成年NPC在生理和病理条件下的神经源性和非神经源性功能作一综述。
Adult neurogenesis is a lifelong process that occurs in two main neurogenic niches of the brain, namely in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. In the 1960s, studies on adult neurogenesis have been hampered by the lack of established phenotypic markers. The precise tracing of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) was therefore, not properly feasible. After the (partial) identification of those markers, it was the lack of specific tools that hindered a proper experimental elimination and tracing of those cells to demonstrate their terminal fate and commitment. Nowadays, irradiation, cytotoxic drugs as well as genetic tracing/ablation procedures have moved the field forward and increased our understanding of neurogenesis processes in both physiological and pathological conditions. Newly formed NPC progeny from the SVZ can replace granule cells in the olfactory bulbs of rodents, thus contributing to orchestrate sophisticated odor behavior. SGZ-derived new granule cells, instead, integrate within the DG where they play an essential role in memory functions. Furthermore, converging evidence claim that endogenous NPCs not only exert neurogenic functions, but might also have non-neurogenic homeostatic functions by the release of different types of neuroprotective molecules. Remarkably, these non-neurogenic homeostatic functions seem to be necessary, both in healthy and diseased conditions, for example for preventing or limiting tissue damage. In this review, we will discuss the neurogenic and the non-neurogenic functions of adult NPCs both in physiological and pathological conditions.
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影响因子：
82.9
作者：
Eriksson, PS;Perfilieva, E;Gage, FH
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
4.6
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0601992103
发表时间：
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16.2
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