Ultrastrong time-dependent light-matter interactions are gauge relative

Ultrastrong time-dependent light-matter interactions are gauge relative
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超强的时间依赖性光-物质相互作用是相对于规范的

DOI:
10.1103/physrevresearch.3.013116
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Stokes A
Stokes A
中科院分区:
--
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--
作者:
Stokes A

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依赖时间的光-物质相互作用是描述可控实验操作的广泛手段。它们可以被看作是一种近似,在这种近似中,第三个系统,即控制系统,被视为哈密顿算符内的外部系统。我们证明了这将导致量规之间的不等价。我们提供了一个物理例子,其中每个不同的非等效模型与应用于不同实验情况的规范不变描述相吻合。从这些模型中获得的定性最终时间预测,包括纠缠和光子数,取决于时间相关耦合假设的尺度。只要交互交换足够强且非绝热,即使在协议的准备和测量阶段耦合消失,也会发生这种情况,此时子系统是唯一的,并且可以通过实验寻址。
Time-dependent light-matter interactions are a widespread means by which to describe controllable experimental operations. They can be viewed as an approximation in which a third system, the control system, is treated as external within the Hamiltonian. We demonstrate that this results in nonequivalence between gauges. We provide a physical example in which each different nonequivalent model coincides with a gauge-invariant description applied in a different experimental situation. The qualitative final-time predictions obtained from these models, including entanglement and photon number, depend on the gauge within which the time-dependent coupling assumption is made. This occurs whenever the interaction switching is sufficiently strong and nonadiabatic even if the coupling vanishes at the preparation and measurement stages of the protocol, at which times the subsystems are unique and experimentally addressable.
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