Ultrastrong time-dependent light-matter interactions are gauge relative
Ultrastrong time-dependent light-matter interactions are gauge relative
复制标题
超强的时间依赖性光-物质相互作用是相对于规范的
DOI:
10.1103/physrevresearch.3.013116
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Stokes A
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stokes A
Time-dependent light-matter interactions are a widespread means by which to describe controllable experimental operations. They can be viewed as an approximation in which a third system, the control system, is treated as external within the Hamiltonian. We demonstrate that this results in nonequivalence between gauges. We provide a physical example in which each different nonequivalent model coincides with a gauge-invariant description applied in a different experimental situation. The qualitative final-time predictions obtained from these models, including entanglement and photon number, depend on the gauge within which the time-dependent coupling assumption is made. This occurs whenever the interaction switching is sufficiently strong and nonadiabatic even if the coupling vanishes at the preparation and measurement stages of the protocol, at which times the subsystems are unique and experimentally addressable.
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DOI:
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1973
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
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1987
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1977
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作者:
R. Woolley
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影响因子:
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通讯作者:
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