Mechanisms of glacial-to-future atmospheric CO(2) effects on plant immunity.
Mechanisms of glacial-to-future atmospheric CO(2) effects on plant immunity.
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DOI：
10.1111/nph.15018
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发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ton J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams A;Pétriacq P;Schwarzenbacher RE;Beerling DJ;Ton J
大气中二氧化碳浓度上升对植物病害的影响受到越来越多的关注，但对于二氧化碳塑造植物免疫力的直接机制却鲜有共识。此外，植物在过去 80 万年中反复经历的低于环境 CO 2 浓度的影响在很大程度上被忽视了。结合基因表达分析、突变体表型特征和基于质谱的代谢分析，确定低于环境CO 2 (sa CO 2) 和升高CO 2 (eCO 2) 对拟南芥免疫的发育独立影响。对坏死营养型黄瓜圆球菌 (Pc) 的抗性在 sa CO 2 下受到抑制，在 eCO 2 下得到增强。这种 CO 2 依赖性抗性与茉莉酸 (JA) 依赖性基因表达的启动相关，并且需要完整的 JA 生物合成和信号传导。 eCO 2 和 sa CO 2 条件下对生物营养卵菌拟南芥子菌 (Hpa) 的抗性均有所增加。虽然 eCO 2 引发了水杨酸 (SA) 依赖性基因表达，但影响 SA 信号传导的突变仅部分抑制了 eCO 2 条件下的 Hpa 抗性，这表明还涉及其他机制。 sa CO 2 诱导细胞内活性氧 (ROS) 的产生对应于乙醇酸氧化酶突变体的抗性丧失和过氧化物酶体过氧化氢酶基因 CAT2 的转录增加，揭示了光呼吸衍生的 ROS 决定 saCO2 下 Hpa 抗性的机制。通过将间接发育影响与直接免疫效应分开，我们揭示了 CO 2 塑造植物免疫力的不同机制，并讨论了它们的进化意义。
The impacts of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations on plant disease have received increasing attention, but with little consensus emerging on the direct mechanisms by which CO2 shapes plant immunity. Furthermore, the impact of sub‐ambient CO 2 concentrations, which plants have experienced repeatedly over the past 800 000 yr, has been largely overlooked. A combination of gene expression analysis, phenotypic characterisation of mutants and mass spectrometry‐based metabolic profiling was used to determine development‐independent effects of sub‐ambient CO 2 (sa CO 2) and elevated CO 2 (eCO 2) on Arabidopsis immunity. Resistance to the necrotrophic Plectosphaerella cucumerina (Pc) was repressed at sa CO 2 and enhanced at eCO 2. This CO 2‐dependent resistance was associated with priming of jasmonic acid (JA)‐dependent gene expression and required intact JA biosynthesis and signalling. Resistance to the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) increased at both eCO 2 and sa CO 2. Although eCO 2 primed salicylic acid (SA)‐dependent gene expression, mutations affecting SA signalling only partially suppressed Hpa resistance at eCO 2, suggesting additional mechanisms are involved. Induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at sa CO 2 corresponded to a loss of resistance in glycolate oxidase mutants and increased transcription of the peroxisomal catalase gene CAT2, unveiling a mechanism by which photorespiration‐derived ROS determined Hpa resistance at saCO2. By separating indirect developmental impacts from direct immunological effects, we uncover distinct mechanisms by which CO 2 shapes plant immunity and discuss their evolutionary significance.
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