Recent developments in the taxonomic affiliation and phylogenetic positioning of fungi: impact in applied microbiology and environmental biotechnology

Recent developments in the taxonomic affiliation and phylogenetic positioning of fungi: impact in applied microbiology and environmental biotechnology
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真菌分类学归属和系统发育定位的最新进展:对应用微生物学和环境生物技术的影响

DOI:
10.1007/s00253-011-3143-4
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Kirk PM
Kirk PM
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Voigt K;Kirk PM

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现代分类学的目标是从进化的角度来理解生物体之间的关系。因此,生物体之间的关系是根据嵌套的进化枝来理解的每次物种形成事件发生时,都会产生两个新的进化枝。生命由三个生物体组成,它们是细菌、藻类和真核生物。在真核生物领域内,真菌形成真核冠群的单系群,因此在生命的进化层次中处于高位。类真菌生物具有真菌的某些形态特征,例如卵菌门的菌丝组织或疟原虫(Plasmodiophoromycota)和黏菌(Mycetozoa)的子实体内的孢子和生殖结构。第一类是藻类,它们在进化过程中失去了质体,细胞壁中含有纤维素。这两个嗜食性门,卵菌门和Plasmidioforomycota分别属于Chromista和Rhizaria,而最后一组,细胞和plasmodial黏菌(Mycetozoa)是属于Amoebozoa的噬食性变形虫原生生物。这些真菌样生物体在本次审查中没有进一步考虑。严格意义上的真菌包括一组异质的、通常不明显的微生物,它们(1)主要是异养的,具有(2)异养营养方式,在细胞壁中含有(3)几丁质及其衍生物。本文讨论了真菌分类学中的物种概念和当前策略,杂真菌类类群如微孢子虫的系统发育关系,真菌命名的前景,以及它们对天然产物研究的影响。
The goal of modern taxonomy is to understand the relationships of living organisms in terms of evolutionary descent. Thereby, the relationships between living organisms are understood in terms of nested clades—every time a speciation event takes place, two new clades are produced. Life comprises three domains of living organisms, these are the Bacteria, the Archaea and the Eukaryota. Within the eukaryotic domain, the fungi form a monophyletic group of the eukaryotic crown group and are thus high up in the evolutionary hierarchy of life. Fungus-like organisms possess certain morphological features of fungi, such as the hyphal organization of the Oomycota or the spores and reproductive structures inside a fructification of plasmodiophorids (Plasmodiophoromycota) and slime moulds (Mycetozoa). The first group are algae which secondarily lost their plastids during evolution and contain cellulose in their cell walls. Both osmotrophic phyla, the Oomycota and the Plasmidiophoromycota belong to the Chromista and Rhizaria, respectively, whereas the last group, the cellular and plasmodial slime moulds (Mycetozoa) are phagotrophic amoeboid protists belonging to the Amoebozoa. These fungus-like organisms are not considered further in this review. The Fungi sensu stricto comprise a heterogenous, often inconspicuous group of microorganisms which (1) are primarily heterotrophic with an (2) osmotrophic style of nutrition containing (3) chitin and its derivatives in the cell wall. This review discusses species concepts and current strategies in fungal taxonomy, phylogenetic affiliations of miscellaneous fungus-like groups like the microsporidia, perspectives of fungal nomenclature, and their impact on natural product research.
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