Cleanliness in context: reconciling hygiene with a modern microbial perspective.
Cleanliness in context: reconciling hygiene with a modern microbial perspective.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40168-017-0294-2
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发表时间：
2017-07-14
期刊：
影响因子：
15.5
通讯作者：
Hickey RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vandegrift R;Bateman AC;Siemens KN;Nguyen M;Wilson HE;Green JL;Van Den Wymelenberg KG;Hickey RJ
卫生的概念植根于清洁和保持良好健康之间的关系。自从细菌致病论被广泛接受以来，卫生学越来越多地与绝育混为一谈。在回顾卫生文献（最常见的是手部卫生）的研究时，我们发现几乎所有手部卫生研究都利用细菌载量的大量减少作为减少病原体传播的代表。根据最近的微生物生态学研究，这种卫生处理可能是不够的，这些研究表明，人类与各种微生物（我们的微生物群）有着密切的和进化上重要的关系。人类皮肤是多种多样和特定微生物群落的家园，其中包括从病原体到共生体的整个生态谱中存在的成员。大多数证据表明，皮肤微生物群可能对宿主直接有益，并且很少表现出致病性。这种复杂的生态背景表明，卫生的概念，作为一个单方面的减少或消除微生物已经失去了它的用处。因此，我们建议将卫生明确定义为“减少病原微生物的传播或传播，从而减少疾病发生率的行动和做法”。
The concept of hygiene is rooted in the relationship between cleanliness and the maintenance of good health. Since the widespread acceptance of the germ theory of disease, hygiene has become increasingly conflated with sterilization. In reviewing studies across the hygiene literature (most often hand hygiene), we found that nearly all studies of hand hygiene utilize bulk reduction in bacterial load as a proxy for reduced transmission of pathogenic organisms. This treatment of hygiene may be insufficient in light of recent microbial ecology research, which has demonstrated that humans have intimate and evolutionarily significant relationships with a diverse assemblage of microorganisms (our microbiota). The human skin is home to a diverse and specific community of microorganisms, which include members that exist across the ecological spectrum from pathogen through commensal to mutualist. Most evidence suggests that the skin microbiota is likely of direct benefit to the host and only rarely exhibits pathogenicity. This complex ecological context suggests that the conception of hygiene as a unilateral reduction or removal of microbes has outlived its usefulness. As such, we suggest the explicit definition of hygiene as “those actions and practices that reduce the spread or transmission of pathogenic microorganisms, and thus reduce the incidence of disease.”
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影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Best, E. L.;Redway, K.
通讯作者：
Redway, K.
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Best, E. L.;Parnell, P.;Wilcox, M. H.
通讯作者：
Wilcox, M. H.
DOI：
10.1126/science.1224203
发表时间：
2012-06-08
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
30.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
CASEWELL, M;PHILLIPS, I
通讯作者：
PHILLIPS, I