Recognition of natural scenes from global properties: seeing the forest without representing the trees.

Recognition of natural scenes from global properties: seeing the forest without representing the trees.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.06.001
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发表时间:
2009-03
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Oliva A
Oliva A
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Greene MR;Oliva A

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人类观察者能够快速准确地对自然场景进行分类,但介导这一壮举的表示仍然是未知的。在这里,我们提出了一个快速场景分类的框架,不分割成对象的场景,而是使用一个词汇的全球性,生态属性,描述场景空间的空间和功能方面(如导航或平均深度)。在实验1中,我们获得了用于实验2-4的全局属性的地面真值排名。在对自然景物进行快速分类时,人类观察者在多大程度上使用了全局属性信息?在实验2中,我们发现,在快速场景分类实验中,全局属性相似性是误报率和反应时间的强预测因子。在多大程度上是全球财产信息本身的一个足够的预测快速自然场景分类?在实验3中,我们发现,仅代表这些属性的分类器的性能在准确性和误报方面与快速场景分类任务中的人类性能没有区别。这种高可预测性在多大程度上是全球房地产代表所独有的?在实验4中,我们比较了两个模型,代表场景对象信息的人类分类性能,发现这些模型具有较低的保真度,在表示模式的性能比全局属性模型。这些结果提供了支持的假设,即快速分类的自然场景可能不会介导的主要是通过对象和部件,但也通过全球性的结构和启示。
Human observers are able to rapidly and accurately categorize natural scenes, but the representation mediating this feat is still unknown. Here we propose a framework of rapid scene categorization that does not segment a scene into objects and instead uses a vocabulary of global, ecological properties that describe spatial and functional aspects of scene space (such as navigability or mean depth). In Experiment 1, we obtained ground truth rankings on global properties for use in Experiments 2–4. To what extent do human observers use global property information when rapidly categorizing natural scenes? In Experiment 2, we found that global property resemblance was a strong predictor of both false alarm rates and reaction times in a rapid scene categorization experiment. To what extent is global property information alone a sufficient predictor of rapid natural scene categorization? In Experiment 3, we found that the performance of a classifier representing only these properties is indistinguishable from human performance in a rapid scene categorization task in terms of both accuracy and false alarms. To what extent is this high predictability unique to a global property representation? In Experiment 4, we compared two models that represent scene object information to human categorization performance and found that these models had lower fidelity at representing the patterns of performance than the global property model. These results provide support for the hypothesis that rapid categorization of natural scenes may not be mediated primarily though objects and parts, but also through global properties of structure and affordance.
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发表时间: 1982-01-01
影响因子: 2.6
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