Illuminating the Transcriptome through the Genome.
Illuminating the Transcriptome through the Genome.
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DOI：
10.3390/genes5010235
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发表时间：
2014-03-14
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Elliott DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elliott DJ
人类基因组测序是基因研究的一个巨大里程碑，它揭示了创造人类所需的几乎全部DNA序列。然而，为了发挥功能，DNA基因组需要以RNA转录组的形式表达。本文回顾了基因组序列信息的知识如何导致转录组如何加工的基本发现，重点是关于基因组中分裂基因编码的前mrna如何通过剪接成功能mrna进行重排的全系统新见解。研究剪接模式的新后基因组技术的发展使这些进步成为可能。全转录组方法描述了嵌入在基因组内并在破译基因组中发挥重要作用的“剪接代码”，它被RNA结合蛋白破译。这些分析还发现，大多数人类基因编码多种mRNA亚型，在某些情况下编码蛋白质，从而导致对基因究竟是什么的重新评估。对转录组的分析使我们了解基因组是如何包装和转录的，并有助于解释基因组进化的重要方面。
Sequencing the human genome was a huge milestone in genetic research that revealed almost the total DNA sequence required to create a human being. However, in order to function, the DNA genome needs to be expressed as an RNA transcriptome. This article reviews how knowledge of genome sequence information has led to fundamental discoveries in how the transcriptome is processed, with a focus on new system-wide insights into how pre-mRNAs that are encoded by split genes in the genome are rearranged by splicing into functional mRNAs. These advances have been made possible by the development of new post-genome technologies to probe splicing patterns. Transcriptome-wide approaches have characterised a “splicing code” that is embedded within and has a significant role in deciphering the genome, and is deciphered by RNA binding proteins. These analyses have also found that most human genes encode multiple mRNA isoforms, and in some cases proteins, leading in turn to a re-assessment of what exactly a gene is. Analysis of the transcriptome has given insights into how the genome is packaged and transcribed, and is helping to explain important aspects of genome evolution.
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