Consociationalism and the politics of the census in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Northern Ireland

Consociationalism and the politics of the census in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Northern Ireland
复制标题

波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那及北爱尔兰的联合主义与人口普查政治

DOI:
10.1016/j.polgeo.2020.102248
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Cooley L
Cooley L
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cooley L

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人口普查对于族裔、民族、语言或宗教群体及其政治代表具有象征性和工具性的重要性。这在分裂严重的社会中尤其明显,这些社会的政治机构旨在通过权力共享的形式容纳群体。现有文献认为,通常用于管理群体间冲突的联合权力分享机构可能会激励与人口普查相关的争论和动员,但这一说法尚未得到实证检验。本文利用波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那和北爱尔兰的案例研究,检验了关于联合主义与人口普查政治之间关系的一个命题:企业联合主义设计可能会导致对人口普查的争议和查点过程中群体的动员,而自由联合主义设计则不会。该分析为这一主张提供了支持,但也表明,权力分享定居点的其他特征,例如波斯尼亚国家的联邦性质以及北爱尔兰定居点中“边境民意调查”的多数主义规定,也在塑造人口普查政治方面发挥着重要作用。这些见解强调了制度设计对如何以及在何处统计人口的斗争的影响,从而为有关人口普查的政治地理辩论做出了贡献,这些见解适用于深度分裂的社会的直接背景之外。
Population censuses have symbolic and instrumental importance for ethnic, national, linguistic or religious groups and their political representatives. This is particularly apparent in deeply divided societies, where political institutions are designed to accommodate groups through forms of power sharing. Existing literature posits that consociational power-sharing institutions, which are commonly employed to manage inter-group conflict, are likely to incentivise contestation and mobilisation in relation to the census, but this claim has not been tested empirically. Employing the case studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Northern Ireland, this article tests a proposition about the relationship between consociationalism and the politics of the census: that it is corporate consociational designs that are likely to result in contestation of the census and mobilisation of groups during enumeration, whereas liberal consociational designs will not. The analysis offers support for this proposition, but also suggests that other features of power-sharing settlements, such as the federal nature of the Bosnian state and the majoritarian provision for a ‘border poll’ in the Northern Irish settlement, also play an important role in shaping census politics. These insights contribute to political geographic debates about the census by highlighting the influence of institutional design on struggles over how and where populations get counted, which are applicable beyond the immediate context of deeply divided societies.
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