Delay and probability discounting of sexual and monetary outcomes in individuals with cocaine use disorders and matched controls.
Delay and probability discounting of sexual and monetary outcomes in individuals with cocaine use disorders and matched controls.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0128641
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sweeney MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson MW;Johnson PS;Herrmann ES;Sweeney MM
患有可卡因使用障碍的人受艾滋病毒/艾滋病的影响特别大，部分原因是无保护性行为的比例较高。最近的研究表明，延迟使用避孕套是性传播艾滋病毒风险的一个因素。延迟折扣是一个行为经济学概念，描述了延迟事件如何降低该事件的价值或对行为的影响。概率折扣是一个相关的概念，描述了事件的不确定性如何降低其对行为的影响。可卡因使用障碍患者（n = 23）和匹配的非可卡因使用对照组（n = 24）在涉及假设结果的决策任务中进行了比较：延迟避孕套保护性行为的折扣（性延迟折扣任务），延迟金钱折扣，性传播感染（STI）风险对安全套使用可能性的影响（性概率折扣任务）和金钱的概率折扣。科帕卡巴纳集团对延迟的避孕套保护性行为（即，在四种性延迟折扣任务伴侣条件中的两种条件下，更有可能发生无保护性行为（与等待避孕套）。科摩集团还对延迟付款进行了贴现（即，与较大的延迟量相比，优选较小的立即量）显著多于对照。在性概率折扣任务中，两组都表现出对性传播感染风险的敏感性，但两组之间没有差异。COCOST集团并没有一贯的概率折现钱或多或少比控制。延迟性结果的大幅折扣，但不是概率性的，可能会导致可卡因使用障碍个体的性艾滋病毒风险率更高。性结局的概率折扣可能会导致两组无保护性行为的风险。相关性表明，性和金钱的结果是无关的，延迟和概率折扣。研究结果强调了研究特定行为过程的重要性（例如，延迟和概率折扣）相对于特定结果（例如，货币和性），以了解决策的问题行为。
Individuals with cocaine use disorders are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, partly due to higher rates of unprotected sex. Recent research suggests delay discounting of condom use is a factor in sexual HIV risk. Delay discounting is a behavioral economic concept describing how delaying an event reduces that event’s value or impact on behavior. Probability discounting is a related concept describing how the uncertainty of an event decreases its impact on behavior. Individuals with cocaine use disorders (n = 23) and matched non-cocaine-using controls (n = 24) were compared in decision-making tasks involving hypothetical outcomes: delay discounting of condom-protected sex (Sexual Delay Discounting Task), delay discounting of money, the effect of sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk on likelihood of condom use (Sexual Probability Discounting Task), and probability discounting of money. The Cocaine group discounted delayed condom-protected sex (i.e., were more likely to have unprotected sex vs. wait for a condom) significantly more than controls in two of four Sexual Delay Discounting Task partner conditions. The Cocaine group also discounted delayed money (i.e., preferred smaller immediate amounts over larger delayed amounts) significantly more than controls. In the Sexual Probability Discounting Task, both groups showed sensitivity to STI risk, however the groups did not differ. The Cocaine group did not consistently discount probabilistic money more or less than controls. Steeper discounting of delayed, but not probabilistic, sexual outcomes may contribute to greater rates of sexual HIV risk among individuals with cocaine use disorders. Probability discounting of sexual outcomes may contribute to risk of unprotected sex in both groups. Correlations showed sexual and monetary results were unrelated, for both delay and probability discounting. The results highlight the importance of studying specific behavioral processes (e.g., delay and probability discounting) with respect to specific outcomes (e.g., monetary and sexual) to understand decision making in problematic behavior.
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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