Gender identity: A psychosocial primer for providing care to patients with a disorder/difference of sex development and their families [individualized care for patients with intersex (Disorders/differences of sex development): Part 2].
Gender identity: A psychosocial primer for providing care to patients with a disorder/difference of sex development and their families [individualized care for patients with intersex (Disorders/differences of sex development): Part 2].
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.06.026
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发表时间：
2020-10
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Lee PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ernst MM;Kogan BA;Lee PA
许多患有DSD的婴儿的父母将出生时的初始性别分配过程描述为高度紧张。患有DSD的孩子的父母也注意到，当他们的孩子从事不被认为是其性别的典型行为时，他们会感到非常痛苦。本文的目的是为医疗保健团队的成员提供一个简要概述的性别和性别认同的心理社会方面，特别是相关的DSD的目的，以加强共同决策和优化支持个人与DSD及其家庭。性别认同是一个多层面的概念，涉及相关但不同的概念，如性别典型性、性别满足感和性别差异的压力，可以通过标准化措施进行评估。性别焦虑与心理适应不良有关，家庭和同伴的支持可以减轻这种焦虑。家庭对性别认同的影响包括父母对性别行为和家庭组成的影响（例如，同性子女vs家庭中的儿子和女儿）。可能影响性别分配的文化因素包括社会对性别的看法，以及社会中与性别有关的资源分配差异。此外，宗教信仰和文化中“第三性”类别的存在也可能影响父母的性别意识形态。与DSD患者一起工作的卫生保健提供者必须对性别认同的构建有很强的把握，并且必须能够与患者和家庭就性别信仰进行明确和一致的沟通，以优化家庭支持和性别相关的决策。
Many parents of infants born with a DSD describe the process of initial sex assignment at birth as highly stressful. Parents of children with a DSD also note high distress when their children engage in behaviors that are not considered typical for their gender. The goal of this article is to provide members of the health care team a brief overview of psychosocial facets of gender and gender identity particularly relevant to DSD for the purposes of enhancing shared decision-making and optimizing support for individuals with a DSD and their families. Gender identity is a multidimensional construct involving related but distinct concepts such as gender typicality, gender contentedness and felt pressure for gender differentiation, and can be assessed via standardized measures. Gender dysphoria is associated with poor psychological adjustment, and is mitigated by family and peer support. Family influences on gender identity include parental modeling of gender behavior and family composition (e.g., same-sex children vs both sons and daughters in a family). Cultural factors that may influence sex assignment include societal views on gender, and gender-related differential resource allocation within a society. In addition, religious beliefs and the presence of a “third-sex” category within a culture may also influence parental gender ideology. Health care providers who work with patients with a DSD must have a strong grasp on the construct of gender identity, and must be able to clearly and consistently communicate with patients and families about gender beliefs in order to optimize family support and gender-related decisions.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10935-018-0508-9
发表时间：
2018-06
期刊：
The journal of primary prevention
影响因子：
--
作者：
Johns MM;Beltran O;Armstrong HL;Jayne PE;Barrios LC
通讯作者：
Barrios LC
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Endendijk JJ;Groeneveld MG;Mesman J
通讯作者：
Mesman J
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Meyer-Bahlburg, Heino F. L.
通讯作者：
Meyer-Bahlburg, Heino F. L.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Alpern, Adrianne N.;Gardner, Melissa;Quittner, Alexandra L.
通讯作者：
Quittner, Alexandra L.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Bennecke, Elena;Werner-Rosen, Knut;Koehler, Birgit
通讯作者：
Koehler, Birgit