Protective Factors Among Transgender and Gender Variant Youth: A Systematic Review by Socioecological Level.
Protective Factors Among Transgender and Gender Variant Youth: A Systematic Review by Socioecological Level.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10935-018-0508-9
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发表时间：
2018-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Barrios LC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johns MM;Beltran O;Armstrong HL;Jayne PE;Barrios LC
跨性别和性别变异（GV）青少年面临健康状况不佳和学业成绩不良的风险升高，这主要是由于受到污名化和歧视的社会经历。为了补充关于跨性别/ GV青少年所面临健康风险的日益增多的证据，我们确定了在布朗芬布伦纳的社会生态模型的所有四个层面（个人、关系、社区、社会）中被理论化为对这些青少年具有保护作用的因素。我们对经过同行评审的研究进行了系统检索。本综述所包含的文章发表于1999年至2014年间的英文或西班牙文同行评审期刊，分析了来自跨性别或GV参与者样本或子样本的数据，这些参与者的平均年龄在10至24岁之间，并检验了至少一种理论上的保护因素与健康或行为结果之间的关系。有21篇文章符合纳入标准。纳入文章中的跨性别/ GV青少年年龄在11至26岁之间，具有种族/民族多样性，并代表了不同的性别身份。在这些文章中，生态模型四个层面的27种独特保护因素被确定与积极的健康和幸福相关。个人层面的自尊、关系层面与父母和同龄人的健康关系以及社区层面的同性恋 - 异性恋联盟在多项研究中都成为保护因素。我们的研究结果凸显了针对跨性别/ GV青少年和保护因素的研究相对缺乏。需要针对跨性别/ GV青少年的新招募策略以及对跨性别身份更好的测量方法，以确认这些保护关系并确定其他关系。这些领域的发展将有助于建立一系列证据，为干预措施提供信息。
Transgender and gender variant (GV) youth experience elevated risk for poor health and academic outcomes due mainly to social experiences of stigma and discrimination. To supplement the growing evidence on health risks encountered by transgender/GV youth, we identified factors theorized to be protective for these youth across all four levels of Bronfenbrenner’ s socioecological model (individual, relationship, community, societal). We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed research. The articles included in this review were published in peer-reviewed journals in English or Spanish between 1999 and 2014, analyzed data from a sample or subsample of transgender or GV participants with a mean age between 10 and 24 years, and examined the relationship of at least one theorized protective factor to a health or behavioral outcome. Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria. Transgender/GV youth in included articles ranged from 11 to 26 years of age, were racially/ethnically diverse, and represented varied gender identities. Within these articles, 27 unique protective factors across four levels of the ecological model were identified as related to positive health and well-being. Self-esteem at the individual level, healthy relationships with parents and peers at the relationship-level, and gay-straight alliances at the community level emerged as protective factors across multiple studies. Our findings underscore the relative lack of research on transgender/GV youth and protective factors. Novel recruitment strategies for transgender/GV youth and better measurement of transgender identities are needed to confirm these protective relationships and identify others. Growth in these areas will contribute to building a body of evidence to inform interventions.
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影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Bockting, W. O.;Miner, M. H.;Coleman, E.
通讯作者：
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2.3
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Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.
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1.6
作者：
Armstrong, Heather L.;Steiner, Riley J.;Jayne, Paula E.;Beltran, Oscar
通讯作者：
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