The Gendered Family Process Model: An Integrative Framework of Gender in the Family.
The Gendered Family Process Model: An Integrative Framework of Gender in the Family.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10508-018-1185-8
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发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Mesman J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Endendijk JJ;Groeneveld MG;Mesman J
本文回顾并整合了对家庭成员内部或之间发生的与性别相关的生物、认知和社会过程的研究，从而产生了新开发的性别家庭过程（GFP）模型。 GFP模型作为家庭背景下性别研究的指导框架，呼吁整合生物、社会和认知因素。模型中的生物学因素包括儿童和父母的产前、产后和青春期雄激素水平，以及遗传对父母和儿童性别行为的影响。社会因素包括家庭性别构成（即父母性别、性取向、婚姻状况、兄弟姐妹性别构成）和父母性别社会化，例如模特、性别差异养育和性别谈话。认知因素是父母和孩子隐性和显性的性别角色认知。我们的审查和 GFP 模型证实，性别是家庭过程的重要组织者，但也强调，家庭背景下性别相关过程的潜在机制仍不清楚。因此，我们强调需要进行（1）纵向研究，考虑父母和孩子的性别行为和认知之间复杂的双向关系，其中进行家庭内比较（比较同一家庭中父母对男孩和女孩的行为）而不是家庭间比较（比较全男孩家庭和全女孩家庭，或混合性别家庭和同性家庭之间的养育方式），（2）睾酮对人类性别发展影响的实验研究， (3) 研究生物学与性别社会化和人类性别角色认知之间的相互作用。
This article reviews and integrates research on gender-related biological, cognitive, and social processes that take place in or between family members, resulting in a newly developed gendered family process (GFP) model. The GFP model serves as a guiding framework for research on gender in the family context, calling for the integration of biological, social, and cognitive factors. Biological factors in the model are prenatal, postnatal, and pubertal androgen levels of children and parents, and genetic effects on parent and child gendered behavior. Social factors are family sex composition (i.e., parent sex, sexual orientation, marriage status, sibling sex composition) and parental gender socialization, such as modeling, gender-differentiated parenting, and gender talk. Cognitive factors are implicit and explicit gender-role cognitions of parents and children. Our review and the GFP model confirm that gender is an important organizer of family processes, but also highlight that much is still unclear about the mechanisms underlying gender-related processes within the family context. Therefore, we stress the need for (1) longitudinal studies that take into account the complex bidirectional relationship between parent and child gendered behavior and cognitions, in which within-family comparisons (comparing behavior of parents toward a boy and a girl in the same family) are made instead of between-family comparisons (comparing parenting between all-boy families and all-girl families, or between mixed-gender families and same-gender families), (2) experimental studies on the influence of testosterone on human gender development, (3) studies examining the interplay between biology with gender socialization and gender-role cognitions in humans.
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