Identification of a rudimentary neural crest in a non-vertebrate chordate.
Identification of a rudimentary neural crest in a non-vertebrate chordate.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature11589
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发表时间：
2012-12-06
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Levine, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abitua, Philip Barron;Wagner, Eileen;Navarrete, Ignacio A.;Levine, Michael
神经嵴出现在神经板边缘，表达一组核心调控基因，并产生多种细胞类型，包括精心制作脊椎动物头部的外切间质衍生物。神经嵴的进化被认为是导致新细胞类型出现的关键事件，这些细胞类型促进了祖先脊椎动物从滤食性向主动捕食性的转变。然而，神经嵴的起源仍然存在争议，因为同源细胞类型尚未在非脊椎动物脊索动物中明确确定。本研究表明，被膜动物Ciona ninteinalis具有类似于神经嵴的头侧黑素细胞谱系（a9.49），可以通过靶向扭曲蛋白的错误表达将其重新编程为迁移的外切间质。我们的研究结果表明，神经嵴黑素细胞调节网络早于被囊动物和脊椎动物的分化。我们提出，神经板外胚层中间质决定因子（如Twist）的共同选择对于脊椎动物“新头”的出现至关重要。
Neural crest arises at the neural plate border, expresses a core set of regulatory genes, and produces a diverse array of cell types including ectomesenchyme derivatives that elaborate the vertebrate head. The evolution of neural crest has been postulated as a key event leading to the appearance of new cell types that fostered the transition from filter feeding to active predation in ancestral vertebrates. However, the origin of neural crest remains controversial, since homologous cell types have not been unambiguously identified in non-vertebrate chordates. Here we show that the tunicate Ciona intestinalis possesses a cephalic melanocyte lineage (a9.49) similar to neural crest that can be reprogrammed into migrating ectomesenchyme by the targeted misexpression of Twist. Our results suggest that the neural crest melanocyte regulatory network predated the divergence of tunicates and vertebrates. We propose that the co-option of mesenchyme determinants, such as Twist, into the neural plate ectoderm was crucial for the emergence of the vertebrate “new head”.
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