Decoding hindlimb movement for a brain machine interface after a complete spinal transection.
Decoding hindlimb movement for a brain machine interface after a complete spinal transection.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0052173
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Moxon KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manohar A;Flint RD;Knudsen E;Moxon KA
在脊髓完全横断后，可以在没有大脑输入的情况下进行刻板的运动。然而，功能性步态的恢复需要脊髓回路的下行调制以独立地控制每个肢体的运动。为了评估脑机接口（BMI）是否可以用于恢复对后肢的有意识控制，训练大鼠踩踏板，并使用BMI范式评估后肢运动的编码。离线，信息编码的神经元在后肢感觉运动皮层进行了评估。接下来的神经群体功能，或神经元活动的加权表示，被用来代替后肢运动作为实时奖励的触发器（在线解码）在三种情况下：当动物仍然可以按下踏板，踏板被删除后，并在一个完整的脊髓横断后。当动物使用神经控制来实现水奖励时，他们学习了运动程序的一种新表示（例如，更多的信息被更快地传递）。脊髓完全横断后，这些神经元传递信息的能力降低了40%以上。然而，尽管在任务期间神经元放电率持续降低，但随着时间的推移，这种BMI表示被重新学习。因此，神经控制是运动皮层的一般特征，不限于前肢运动，并且可以在脊髓损伤后恢复。
Stereotypical locomotor movements can be made without input from the brain after a complete spinal transection. However, the restoration of functional gait requires descending modulation of spinal circuits to independently control the movement of each limb. To evaluate whether a brain-machine interface (BMI) could be used to regain conscious control over the hindlimb, rats were trained to press a pedal and the encoding of hindlimb movement was assessed using a BMI paradigm. Off-line, information encoded by neurons in the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex was assessed. Next neural population functions, or weighted representations of the neuronal activity, were used to replace the hindlimb movement as a trigger for reward in real-time (on-line decoding) in three conditions: while the animal could still press the pedal, after the pedal was removed and after a complete spinal transection. A novel representation of the motor program was learned when the animals used neural control to achieve water reward (e.g. more information was conveyed faster). After complete spinal transection, the ability of these neurons to convey information was reduced by more than 40%. However, this BMI representation was relearned over time despite a persistent reduction in the neuronal firing rate during the task. Therefore, neural control is a general feature of the motor cortex, not restricted to forelimb movements, and can be regained after spinal injury.
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