Haustorium formation and a distinct biotrophic transcriptome characterize infection of Nicotiana benthamiana by the tree pathogen Phytophthora kernoviae.
Haustorium formation and a distinct biotrophic transcriptome characterize infection of Nicotiana benthamiana by the tree pathogen Phytophthora kernoviae.
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DOI：
10.1111/mpp.13072
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Whisson SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang S;Vetukuri RR;Kushwaha SK;Hedley PE;Morris J;Studholme DJ;Welsh LRJ;Boevink PC;Birch PRJ;Whisson SC
疫霉属物种会引起一些最严重的树木疾病，并威胁世界许多地区的森林。尽管已经生成了 10 多种树木致病疫霉属物种的基因组序列组合并改进了检测方法，但我们对这些病原体如何与其宿主相互作用的了解仍存在许多空白。为了促进感染周期的细胞生物学研究，我们检查了树病原体 Phytophthora kernoviae 是否可以感染模型植物 Nicotiana Benthamiana。我们转化 P. kernoviae 以表达绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP)，并证明它在受感染的 N. Benthamiana 细胞内形成吸器。吸器也在自然宿主杜鹃花和欧洲山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica）的感染细胞中形成。我们分析了 P. kernoviae 在培养的菌丝体、孢子和 N. Benthamiana 感染过程中的转录组，检测到 12,559 个转录本。其中，1,052 个被预测编码分泌蛋白，其中一些可能充当促进疾病发展的效应子。从这些中，我们鉴定了 87 个表达的候选 RXLR（Arg-任意氨基酸-Leu-Arg）效应子。我们在 N. Benthamiana 叶子中瞬时表达了其中 12 个 GFP 融合体，并证明其中 9 个显着增强了 P. kernoviae 疾病的进展，并且不同程度地定位于细胞质、细胞核、核仁和质膜。我们的结果表明，N. Benthamiana 可用作研究这种树病原体的模型宿主植物，并且这种相互作用可能涉及 RXLR 效应子抑制宿主免疫反应。这些结果建立了一个平台来扩大对疫霉树病害的了解。树病原体 kernoviae 在感染模型和自然宿主期间形成数字状吸器，并分泌 RXLR 效应子，促进感染并定位到不同的细胞位置。
Phytophthora species cause some of the most serious diseases of trees and threaten forests in many parts of the world. Despite the generation of genome sequence assemblies for over 10 tree‐pathogenic Phytophthora species and improved detection methods, there are many gaps in our knowledge of how these pathogens interact with their hosts. To facilitate cell biology studies of the infection cycle we examined whether the tree pathogen Phytophthora kernoviae could infect the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. We transformed P. kernoviae to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) and demonstrated that it forms haustoria within infected N. benthamiana cells. Haustoria were also formed in infected cells of natural hosts, Rhododendron ponticum and European beech (Fagus sylvatica). We analysed the transcriptome of P. kernoviae in cultured mycelia, spores, and during infection of N. benthamiana, and detected 12,559 transcripts. Of these, 1,052 were predicted to encode secreted proteins, some of which may function as effectors to facilitate disease development. From these, we identified 87 expressed candidate RXLR (Arg‐any amino acid‐Leu‐Arg) effectors. We transiently expressed 12 of these as GFP fusions in N. benthamiana leaves and demonstrated that nine significantly enhanced P. kernoviae disease progression and diversely localized to the cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, and plasma membrane. Our results show that N. benthamiana can be used as a model host plant for studying this tree pathogen, and that the interaction likely involves suppression of host immune responses by RXLR effectors. These results establish a platform to expand the understanding of Phytophthora tree diseases. Tree pathogen Phytophthora kernoviae forms digit‐shaped haustoria during infection of model and natural hosts, and secretes RXLR effectors that promote infection and localize to diverse cellular locations.
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DOI：
10.1111/nph.16650
发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
The New phytologist
影响因子：
--
作者：
Boevink PC;Birch PRJ;Turnbull D;Whisson SC
通讯作者：
Whisson SC
影响因子：
3
作者：
Brouwer, Henk;Coutinho, Pedro M.;de Vries, Ronald P.
通讯作者：
de Vries, Ronald P.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Damasceno, Cynthia M. B.;Bishop, John G.;Rose, Jocelyn K. C.
通讯作者：
Rose, Jocelyn K. C.
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Boevink PC;Wang X;McLellan H;He Q;Naqvi S;Armstrong MR;Zhang W;Hein I;Gilroy EM;Tian Z;Birch PRJ
通讯作者：
Birch PRJ
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Brunner, F;Rosahl, S;Nürnberger, T
通讯作者：
Nürnberger, T