Optogenetic dissection of Rac1 and Cdc42 gradient shaping.

Optogenetic dissection of Rac1 and Cdc42 gradient shaping.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-018-07286-8
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发表时间:
2018-11-16
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Coppey M
Coppey M
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
de Beco S;Vaidžiulytė K;Manzi J;Dalier F;di Federico F;Cornilleau G;Dahan M;Coppey M

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在细胞迁移过程中,Rho GTP酶自发地形成限定细胞前部和后部的空间梯度。在前面,活性Cdc 42形成陡峭的梯度,而活性Rac 1形成更扩展的图案,峰值在几微米远。形成这些梯度的机制是什么?这些梯度形状的功能作用是什么?在这里,我们报告,使用光遗传学和micropatterning的组合,Cdc 42和Rac 1梯度设置的激活剂和钝化剂的空间模式,而不是直接通过运输机制。Cdc 42简单地遵循鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子的分布,而Rac 1的形成需要GTP酶激活蛋白β2-嵌合蛋白的活性,该蛋白通过Cdc 42和Rac 1的反馈急剧定位于细胞的尖端。在功能上,Rho GTP酶梯度的空间范围控制细胞迁移,尖锐的Cdc 42梯度最大化方向性,而扩展的Rac 1梯度控制速度。Cdc 42的陡峭梯度位于迁移细胞的前部,而活性Rac 1梯度是分级的。在这里,作者表明Cdc 42梯度遵循GEF的分布并控制迁移方向,而Rac 1梯度需要差距β2-嵌合蛋白的活性并控制细胞速度。
During cell migration, Rho GTPases spontaneously form spatial gradients that define the front and back of cells. At the front, active Cdc42 forms a steep gradient whereas active Rac1 forms a more extended pattern peaking a few microns away. What are the mechanisms shaping these gradients, and what is the functional role of the shape of these gradients? Here we report, using a combination of optogenetics and micropatterning, that Cdc42 and Rac1 gradients are set by spatial patterns of activators and deactivators and not directly by transport mechanisms. Cdc42 simply follows the distribution of Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors, whereas Rac1 shaping requires the activity of a GTPase-Activating Protein, β2-chimaerin, which is sharply localized at the tip of the cell through feedbacks from Cdc42 and Rac1. Functionally, the spatial extent of Rho GTPases gradients governs cell migration, a sharp Cdc42 gradient maximizes directionality while an extended Rac1 gradient controls the speed. A steep gradient of Cdc42 is at the front of migrating cells, whereas the active Rac1 gradient is graded. Here the authors show that Cdc42 gradients follow the distribution of GEFs and govern direction of migration, while Rac1 gradients require the activity of the GAP β2-chimaerin and control cell speed.
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