Insulin signaling and the regulation of insect diapause.

Insulin signaling and the regulation of insect diapause.
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胰岛素信号传导和昆虫滞育的调节。

DOI:
10.3389/fphys.2013.00189
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Denlinger DL
Denlinger DL
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sim C;Denlinger DL

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昆虫内分泌学历史上丰富的篇章重点关注滞育的激素控制,特别是保幼激素 (JH)、蜕皮类固醇以及控制 JH 和蜕皮类固醇合成的神经肽所发挥的主要作用。最近,果蝇和淡色库蚊成虫滞育实验以及肉蝇Sarcophaga crassipalpis 蛹滞育实验提供了强有力的证据,表明胰岛素信号传导也是导致滞育表型的调节途径的重要组成部分。昆虫产生许多不同的胰岛素样肽(ILP),但并非所有都参与滞育反应; ILP-1 似乎是与 C. pipiens 滞育关系最密切的一种。从感知日长(用于编程滞育的主要环境线索)到产生滞育表型的途径中的许多步骤仍然未知,但胰岛素信号在蚊子滞育中的作用似乎是 JH 的上游,这一点可以通过应用外源 JH 可以挽救敲低 ILP-1 或胰岛素受体表达的效果来证明。脂肪积累、应激耐受力增强以及滞育表型的其他特征可能通过关键转录因子 FOXO 的作用与胰岛素途径相关。这篇综述强调了胰岛素信号传导在昆虫滞育和线虫秀丽隐杆线虫形成中的许多相似之处。
A rich chapter in the history of insect endocrinology has focused on hormonal control of diapause, especially the major roles played by juvenile hormones (JHs), ecdysteroids, and the neuropeptides that govern JH and ecdysteroid synthesis. More recently, experiments with adult diapause in Drosophila melanogaster and the mosquito Culex pipiens, and pupal diapause in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis provide strong evidence that insulin signaling is also an important component of the regulatory pathway leading to the diapause phenotype. Insects produce many different insulin-like peptides (ILPs), and not all are involved in the diapause response; ILP-1 appears to be the one most closely linked to diapause in C. pipiens. Many steps in the pathway leading from perception of daylength (the primary environmental cue used to program diapause) to generation of the diapause phenotype remain unknown, but the role for insulin signaling in mosquito diapause appears to be upstream of JH, as evidenced by the fact that application of exogenous JH can rescue the effects of knocking down expression of ILP-1 or the Insulin Receptor. Fat accumulation, enhancement of stress tolerance, and other features of the diapause phenotype are likely linked to the insulin pathway through the action of a key transcription factor, FOXO. This review highlights many parallels for the role of insulin signaling as a regulator in insect diapause and dauer formation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
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