Relationships between adaptive and neutral genetic diversity and ecological structure and functioning: a meta-analysis.
Relationships between adaptive and neutral genetic diversity and ecological structure and functioning: a meta-analysis.
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.12240
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发表时间：
2014-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Whitlock R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Whitlock R
了解种内遗传多样性对生态群落结构和功能的影响是进化生态学的一个基本重要部分，在确定遗传多样性与物种水平多样性重合的情况时也可能具有保护意义。这一领域的早期研究记录了遗传多样性和生态结构之间的积极关系，但最近的研究对这些发现提出了质疑。概念合成一直受到阻碍，因为研究使用了不同的种内差异衡量标准(表型适应性与中性)，并考虑了不同生态和空间背景下生态结构的不同衡量标准。这项研究的目的是通过提供量化遗传多样性和生态结构之间的关系的经验综合来加强概念性理解。在这里，我对植物种群内的遗传多样性与相关生态群落的结构和功能之间的关系进行了荟萃分析(包括来自70项研究的423个效应大小)。我使用贝叶斯元分析来检验(I)这种关系的强度和方向，(Ii)表型适应性和中性(分子)多样性措施与生态结构的关系的不同程度，以及(Iii)不同生态结构措施和不同生态环境下结果的差异。衡量适应性多样性(基因丰富度)与社区和生态系统两级生态反应之间关系的效应大小很小，但显著为正。这些关联分别受到物种丰富度和生产力的遗传效应的支持。中性遗传多样性与生态结构指标之间没有总体关联，但在有限的人口统计条件下观察到了正相关。这些结果表明，适应性和中性遗传多样性不应被视为种内变异的生态等价性度量。综合。这项研究通过展示遗传多样性和生态结构之间的关系的强度和方向如何随着不同的多样性衡量标准和不同的生态环境而变化，从而推动了关于遗传多样性和生态结构之间的关系是简单的正向还是负向的辩论。这些结果为评估生态学和遗传学之间的扩展综合何时何地取得最大成果提供了坚实的基础。
Understanding the effects of intraspecific genetic diversity on the structure and functioning of ecological communities is a fundamentally important part of evolutionary ecology and may also have conservation relevance in identifying the situations in which genetic diversity coincides with species-level diversity. Early studies within this field documented positive relationships between genetic diversity and ecological structure, but recent studies have challenged these findings. Conceptual synthesis has been hampered because studies have used different measures of intraspecific variation (phenotypically adaptive vs. neutral) and have considered different measures of ecological structure in different ecological and spatial contexts. The aim of this study is to strengthen conceptual understanding by providing an empirical synthesis quantifying the relationship between genetic diversity and ecological structure. Here, I present a meta-analysis of the relationship between genetic diversity within plant populations and the structure and functioning of associated ecological communities (including 423 effect sizes from 70 studies). I used Bayesian meta-analyses to examine (i) the strength and direction of this relationship, (ii) the extent to which phenotypically adaptive and neutral (molecular) measures of diversity differ in their association with ecological structure and (iii) variation in outcomes among different measures of ecological structure and in different ecological contexts. Effect sizes measuring the relationship between adaptive diversity (genotypic richness) and both community- and ecosystem-level ecological responses were small, but significantly positive. These associations were supported by genetic effects on species richness and productivity, respectively. There was no overall association between neutral genetic diversity and measures of ecological structure, but a positive correlation was observed under a limited set of demographic conditions. These results suggest that adaptive and neutral genetic diversity should not be treated as ecologically equivalent measures of intraspecific variation. Synthesis. This study advances the debate over whether relationships between genetic diversity and ecological structure are either simply positive or negative, by showing how the strength and direction of these relationships changes with different measures of diversity and in different ecological contexts. The results provide a solid foundation for assessing when and where an expanded synthesis between ecology and genetics will be most fruitful.
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