Brain plasticity and sensorimotor deterioration as a function of 70 days head down tilt bed rest.
Brain plasticity and sensorimotor deterioration as a function of 70 days head down tilt bed rest.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0182236
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Seidler RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koppelmans V;Bloomberg JJ;De Dios YE;Wood SJ;Reuter-Lorenz PA;Kofman IS;Riascos R;Mulavara AP;Seidler RD
空间飞行对感觉运动功能的不利影响与微重力环境中躯体感觉和前庭输入的改变有关。这些航天后遗症是否有中枢神经系统的组成部分是未知的。然而，实验研究表明，航天飞行引起的啮齿动物感觉运动脑区域的脑结构变化。了解航天相关运动性能变化的神经相关性对于最终制定确保使命成功和宇航员健康的定制对策非常重要。头下倾卧床休息（HDBR）可以作为微重力模拟，因为它模仿身体卸载和微重力的头向流体转移。我们对18名右撇子男性进行了为期70天的6° HDBR研究，以研究微重力如何影响局灶性灰质（GM）脑体积。在HDBR之前、期间和之后的7个时间点收集MRI数据。在HDBR前后测量站立平衡和功能活动度。在约90天内的4个时间点从12名对照受试者获得相同的指标，作为参考数据。HDBR导致广泛的增加GM在后顶叶区域和减少额区，恢复尚未完成后HDBR 12天。此外，HDBR导致平衡和运动性能下降。包括楔前叶，中央前回和中央后回GM的集群的增加与站立平衡的恶化甚至改善较少相关。这种关联在Bonferroni校正后无法存活，因此应谨慎解释。在对照组中没有观察到大脑或行为变化。我们的研究结果与宇航员在飞行后经历的感觉运动缺陷平行。广泛的GM变化可能反映了流体再分布。此外，局灶性GM增加和平衡变化之间的关联表明HDBR也可能导致神经可塑性适应。未来的研究需要确定因果关系和潜在机制。
Adverse effects of spaceflight on sensorimotor function have been linked to altered somatosensory and vestibular inputs in the microgravity environment. Whether these spaceflight sequelae have a central nervous system component is unknown. However, experimental studies have shown spaceflight-induced brain structural changes in rodents’ sensorimotor brain regions. Understanding the neural correlates of spaceflight-related motor performance changes is important to ultimately develop tailored countermeasures that ensure mission success and astronauts’ health. Head down-tilt bed rest (HDBR) can serve as a microgravity analog because it mimics body unloading and headward fluid shifts of microgravity. We conducted a 70-day 6° HDBR study with 18 right-handed males to investigate how microgravity affects focal gray matter (GM) brain volume. MRI data were collected at 7 time points before, during and post-HDBR. Standing balance and functional mobility were measured pre and post-HDBR. The same metrics were obtained at 4 time points over ~90 days from 12 control subjects, serving as reference data. HDBR resulted in widespread increases GM in posterior parietal regions and decreases in frontal areas; recovery was not yet complete by 12 days post-HDBR. Additionally, HDBR led to balance and locomotor performance declines. Increases in a cluster comprising the precuneus, precentral and postcentral gyrus GM correlated with less deterioration or even improvement in standing balance. This association did not survive Bonferroni correction and should therefore be interpreted with caution. No brain or behavior changes were observed in control subjects. Our results parallel the sensorimotor deficits that astronauts experience post-flight. The widespread GM changes could reflect fluid redistribution. Additionally, the association between focal GM increase and balance changes suggests that HDBR also may result in neuroplastic adaptation. Future studies are warranted to determine causality and underlying mechanisms.
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