Brain plasticity and motor practice in cognitive aging.

Brain plasticity and motor practice in cognitive aging.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnagi.2014.00031
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Peng K
Peng K
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cai L;Chan JS;Yan JH;Peng K

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二十多年来,人们对基于经验的神经可塑性进行了广泛的研究,探索大脑可塑性在认知和运动发展中的有效应用。研究表明,人类的大脑不断经历结构重组和功能变化,以响应刺激或训练。从发展的角度来看,在认知训练和物理治疗的好处方面,寿命大脑可塑性的假设已经扩展到老年人。为了总结最近的发展,首先,我们从发展的角度介绍神经可塑性的概念。其次,我们注意到,运动技能学习通常指的是刻意练习以及由此产生的表现增强和适应性。我们讨论了神经可塑性,运动学习和认知老化之间的密切相互作用。第三,我们回顾了运动技能获得的研究,在老年人,没有,相对于与年龄相关的认知能力下降的障碍。最后,为了加强未来的研究和应用,我们强调了神经可塑性在老年人技能学习和认知康复中的意义。
For more than two decades, there have been extensive studies of experience-based neural plasticity exploring effective applications of brain plasticity for cognitive and motor development. Research suggests that human brains continuously undergo structural reorganization and functional changes in response to stimulations or training. From a developmental point of view, the assumption of lifespan brain plasticity has been extended to older adults in terms of the benefits of cognitive training and physical therapy. To summarize recent developments, first, we introduce the concept of neural plasticity from a developmental perspective. Secondly, we note that motor learning often refers to deliberate practice and the resulting performance enhancement and adaptability. We discuss the close interplay between neural plasticity, motor learning and cognitive aging. Thirdly, we review research on motor skill acquisition in older adults with, and without, impairments relative to aging-related cognitive decline. Finally, to enhance future research and application, we highlight the implications of neural plasticity in skills learning and cognitive rehabilitation for the aging population.
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